Abstract The preference reversal phenomenon occurs when revealed preference orderings for the same alternatives differ between 2 response modes. This phenomenon can be explained by dual process theories. System 1 is swift, automatic, and susceptible to biases, but System 2 is slow and deliberative and can correct biases produced by System 1. A more impulsive person, using fewer cognitive resources for System 2 to correct biases produced by System 1, should be more susceptible to decision biases (e.g., the preference reversal phenomenon). Research has revealed that rs806379, a single-nucleotide polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene, is linked to impulsivity: People with the A/A genotype are more impulsive than others. Therefore, we speculated that rs806379 polymorphism may affect the preference reversal phenomenon. In this study, healthy subjects chose between bets with high monetary amounts but low probabilities ($-bets) and bets with high probabilities but low monetary amounts (P-bets) and then evaluated them separately; they also provided saliva samples for genotyping. As expected, subjects exhibited a strong preference reversal phenomenon. Furthermore, subjects with the A/A genotype exhibited a stronger preference reversal phenomenon than others when the ratios of monetary amounts in $-bets to those in the P-bets were large. This is the first study to investigate the preference reversal phenomenon in terms of genetics. Our findings suggest that decision-making behaviors such as the preference reversal phenomenon can be influenced by a single gene locus variation in healthy human beings. Supplemental materials are available here: https://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/ajp/media/genetic_determinant_of_the_preference_reversal_phenomenon/

中文翻译：

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偏好反转现象的遗传决定因素

摘要 当相同备选方案的偏好排序在两种响应模式之间不同时，就会出现偏好反转现象。这种现象可以用双过程理论来解释。系统 1 快速、自动且容易受到偏见的影响，但系统 2 缓慢且深思熟虑，可以纠正系统 1 产生的偏见。一个更冲动的人，使用更少的系统 2 认知资源来纠正系统 1 产生的偏见，应该是更容易受到决策偏差的影响（例如，偏好反转现象）。研究表明，大麻素受体 1 基因的单核苷酸多态性 rs806379 与冲动性有关：具有 A/A 基因型的人比其他人更容易冲动。因此，我们推测 rs806379 多态性可能会影响偏好反转现象。在这项研究中，健康受试者在高金额但低概率的赌注（$-bets）和高概率但低金额的赌注（P-bets）之间进行选择，然后分别评估；他们还提供了用于基因分型的唾液样本。正如预期的那样，受试者表现出强烈的偏好逆转现象。此外，当 $-bets 中的货币金额与 P-bets 中的金额之比很大时，具有 A/A 基因型的受试者表现出比其他人更强的偏好逆转现象。这是第一项从遗传学角度研究偏好逆转现象的研究。我们的研究结果表明，诸如偏好逆转现象等决策行为可能受到健康人类单个基因位点变异的影响。补充材料可在此处获得：https://www.press。