Using a cross-sectional survey design, we examined whether social support was a stress buffer against direct online and vicarious general racial discrimination for 218 Asian/Asian American college students in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the buffering effect depended on external locus of control (external LOC). An alarming percentage of Asian/Asian American students reported direct online (58.7%) and vicarious racial discrimination (88.1%). Moderated moderation with bootstrap analysis revealed detrimental effects of direct online and vicarious racial discrimination on mental health, and protective effects of social support and low external LOC. Importantly, we found several significant Racial discrimination x Social support x External LOC interaction effects. High levels of social support were only consistently found to be a significant buffer against direct online racial discrimination for those with moderate-to-high external LOC. Results indicated that the buffering effect of social support depended on external LOC and the type of racial discrimination during the current pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Asian/Asian American college students with limited social support and high external LOC were especially vulnerable to racism-related psychological symptoms during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. High levels of social support were a buffer against direct online racial discrimination for those with high external LOC. Social support may be less effective as a stress buffer for vicarious racial discrimination. It is important to promote coping strategies that are consistent with one's values and beliefs and responsive to the nature of the racial stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

中文翻译：

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亚裔美国人在 COVID-19 期间的种族歧视经历：作为主持人的社会支持和控制点。

使用横断面调查设计，我们检查了在 COVID-19 大流行的早期阶段，社会支持是否是针对 218 名亚裔/亚裔美国大学生的直接在线和替代性一般种族歧视的压力缓冲，以及缓冲效应是否取决于在外部控制点（外部 LOC）上。令人震惊的亚裔/亚裔美国学生报告了直接在线（58.7%）和替代性种族歧视（88.1%）。引导分析的适度调节揭示了直接在线和替代种族歧视对心理健康的不利影响，以及社会支持和低外部 LOC 的保护作用。重要的是，我们发现了几个显着的种族歧视 x 社会支持 x 外部 LOC 交互效应。对于那些具有中到高外部 LOC 的人来说，高水平的社会支持始终被认为是对抗直接在线种族歧视的重要缓冲。结果表明，社会支持的缓冲作用取决于当前大流行期间的外部LOC和种族歧视的类型。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利） 影响陈述 社会支持有限且外部 LOC 较高的亚裔/亚裔美国大学生在 COVID-19 大流行的早期阶段特别容易受到与种族主义相关的心理症状的影响。对于外部 LOC 高的人来说，高水平的社会支持是对直接在线种族歧视的缓冲。社会支持作为替代性种族歧视的压力缓冲剂可能不太有效。促进与个人价值观和信仰相一致并响应种族压力源性质的应对策略非常重要。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）