While the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been shown to affect tropical cyclones (TCs) worldwide through its modulation of large-scale circulation in the atmosphere, little or no role for the ocean has been identified to date in this influence of MJO on TCs. Using observations and numerical model simulations, we demonstrate that MJO events substantially impact TCs over the Maritime Continent (MC) region through an oceanic pathway. While propagating across the MC region, MJO events cause significant sea surface cooling with an area-averaged value of about 0.35 ± 0.12 °C. Hence, TCs over the MC region immediately following the passage of MJO events encounter considerably cooler sea surface temperatures. Consequently, the enthalpy fluxes under the storms are reduced and the intensification rates decrease by more than 50% on average. These results highlight an important role played by the ocean in facilitating MJO-induced sub-seasonal variability in TC activity over the MC region.

中文翻译：

---

出版商更正：马登-朱利安涛动对海洋大陆热带气旋影响的海洋路径

尽管马登-朱利安涛动 (MJO) 已被证明通过调节大气中的大规模环流来影响全球热带气旋 (TC)，但迄今为止，在 MJO 对TC。使用观测和数值模型模拟，我们证明 MJO 事件通过海洋路径显着影响海洋大陆（MC）地区的 TC。在传播穿过 MC 区域时，MJO 事件导致海面显着冷却，面积平均值约为 0.35 ± 0.12 °C。因此，在 MJO 事件过后，MC 区域上空的 TC 会遇到相当冷的海面温度。因此，风暴下的焓通量减少，增强率平均降低 50% 以上。