As cathode catalysts for lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs), 2D materials are attracting significant attention due to their layered structures, tunable surface chemistry, and unique electronic states. However, catalytic anisotropy, particularly the poor catalytic capability of the van der Waals forces contained in stack edge planes, has suppressed the enhancement of LOB performance as 2D cathode catalysts. Here, an ion-intercalation strategy is proposed to diminish the catalytic anisotropy of 2D materials. Ag ions are successfully intercalated into SnSe₂ layered structure and regulate the electronic states between stack edge planes, leading to an improvement in the catalytic capability of 2D SnSe₂. Notably, the catalytic capability of the 2D surface (001) plane of SnSe₂ is also significantly enhanced after Ag intercalation, which can efficiently accelerate charge transfer and suppress the passivation on the 2D surface plane during the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction process. As a consequence, the Ag-intercalated SnSe₂ cathode exhibits superior specific capacity of 16871 mAh g⁻¹ and an ultrastable cycle life over 2300 h at a current density of 100 mA g⁻¹ and 144 cycles at current density of 1000 mA g⁻¹. This work provides insights into the modulation of the catalytic capabilities of 2D materials, which have significant potential for this application in LOBs.

中文翻译：

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通过 Ag 插层构建电子“桥”以减少锂氧电池中二维二硒化锡阴极催化剂的催化各向异性

作为锂氧电池（LOB）的阴极催化剂，二维材料由于其层状结构、可调节的表面化学性质和独特的电子态而备受关注。然而，催化各向异性，特别是堆边缘平面中范德华力的催化能力差，抑制了 LOB 作为二维阴极催化剂的性能。在这里，提出了一种离子嵌入策略来减少二维材料的催化各向异性。Ag 离子成功地嵌入到 SnSe ₂层状结构中并调节堆叠边缘平面之间的电子态，从而提高了 2D SnSe ₂的催化能力。值得注意的是，SnSe _{2的 2D 表面 (001) 平面的催化能力}Ag嵌入后也显着增强，这可以有效地加速电荷转移并抑制氧还原/析出反应过程中二维表面上的钝化。因此，Ag 插层 SnSe ₂正极表现出 16871 mAh g ^{-1的更高比容量和在 100 mA g -1}的电流密度下超过 2300 小时的超稳定循环寿命和在 1000 mA g ^-1的电流密度下循环 144 次的超稳定循环寿命。 ¹ . 这项工作提供了对二维材料催化能力调节的见解，这些材料在 LOB 中的应用具有巨大潜力。