Three strong polycation stabilizers, poly((vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride), PVBTMAC, poly((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium chloride), PMOTAC, and poly((3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride), PAMPTMAC have been synthesized with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer, RAFT, reactions. Solubilities of the polycations change with hydrophobic counterions such as triflate. PVBTMAC undergoes a thermal phase transition with a low amount of triflate, whereas PMOTAC or PAMPTMAC do not. These three cationic macro chain transfer agents were chain extended with a hydrophobic core forming monomer diacetone acrylamide, DAAM, in polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) processes. In aqueous sodium chloride solutions, the obtained particles show morphological transitions from spheres to aggregated structures and to vesicles with increasing the ionic ratio (salt concentration). With either increasing the DP of the PVBTMAC block or using other polycations, the particle morphologies change to raspberry-like ones at high salt or solids concentration. When PVBTMACs were used as stabilizers in aqueous LiOTf dispersions at elevated temperatures, spherical particles fused together. Upon cooling, the particles either aggregated or formed worm-like structures. On the other hand, no morphological changes were observed when other two polycations were used as CTAs. The results show how changes in the chemical structure and hydrophilicity of the polycation affect the morphologies of the particles. Particle morphologies may be further tuned with hydrophobic counterions, with which also thermoresponsive morphological changes can be induced.

中文翻译：

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盐、三氟甲磺酸盐离子和温度对阳离子 PISA 粒子的形态转变；三种聚阳离子的比较

三种强聚阳离子稳定剂，聚（（乙烯基苄基）三甲基氯化铵）、PVBTMAC、聚（（2-（甲基丙烯酰氧基）乙基）三甲基氯化铵）、PMOTAC 和聚（（3-丙烯酰胺丙基）三甲基氯化铵）、PAMPTMAC 已被合成，具有可逆性加成-断裂链转移，RAFT，反应。聚阳离子的溶解度随疏水性反离子如三氟甲磺酸盐而变化。PVBTMAC 经历了具有少量三氟甲磺酸盐的热相变，而 PMOTAC 或 PAMPTMAC 则没有。在聚合诱导的自组装 (PISA) 过程中，这三种阳离子大链转移剂用形成疏水核的单体双丙酮丙烯酰胺 DAAM 进行了扩链。在氯化钠水溶液中，随着离子比率（盐浓度）的增加，获得的颗粒显示出从球体到聚集结构和囊泡的形态转变。随着 PVBTMAC 嵌段的 DP 增加或使用其他聚阳离子，颗粒形态在高盐或固体浓度下变为覆盆子状形态。当 PVBTMAC 在高温下用作 LiOTf 水分散体中的稳定剂时，球形颗粒融合在一起。冷却后，颗粒聚集或形成蠕虫状结构。另一方面，当其他两种聚阳离子用作 CTA 时，没有观察到形态变化。结果显示了聚阳离子的化学结构和亲水性的变化如何影响颗粒的形态。颗粒形态可以通过疏水性反离子进一步调整，