Background: Digital mental health interventions have a great potential to alleviate mental illness and increase access to care. However, these technologies face significant challenges, especially in terms of user engagement and adoption. It has been suggested that this issue stems from a lack of user perspective in the development process; accordingly, several human-centered design approaches have been developed over the years to consider this important aspect. Yet, few human-centered design approaches to digital solutions exist in the field of mental health, and rarely are end users involved in their development. Objective: The main objective of this literature review is to understand how human-centered design is considered in e-mental health intervention research. Methods: An exploratory mapping review was conducted of mental health journals with the explicit scope of covering e-mental health technology. The human-centered design approaches reported and the core elements of design activity (ie, object, context, design process, and actors involved) were examined among the eligible studies. Results: A total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 22 mentioned using human-centered design approaches or specific design methods in the development of an e-mental health solution. Reported approaches were classified as participatory design (11/27, 41%), codesign (6/27, 22%), user-centered design (5/27, 19%), or a specific design method (5/27, 19%). Just over half (15/27, 56%) of the approaches mentioned were supported by references. End users were involved in each study to some extent but not necessarily in designing. About 27% (8/30) of all the included studies explicitly mentioned the presence of designers on their team. Conclusions: Our results show that some attempts have indeed been made to integrate human-centered design approaches into digital mental health technology development. However, these attempts rely very little on designers and design research. Researchers from other domains and technology developers would be wise to learn the underpinnings of human-centered design methods before selecting one over another. Inviting designers for assistance when implementing a particular approach would also be beneficial. To further motivate interest in and use of human-centered design principles in the world of e-mental health, we make nine suggestions for better reporting of human-centered design approaches in future research.

中文翻译：

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数字心理健康干预中以人为本的设计方法：探索性绘图审查

背景：数字心理健康干预在缓解精神疾病和增加获得护理方面具有巨大潜力。然而，这些技术面临着重大挑战，特别是在用户参与和采用方面。有人认为这个问题源于开发过程中缺乏用户视角；因此，多年来已经开发了几种以人为本的设计方法来考虑这一重要方面。然而，在心理健康领域几乎没有以人为本的数字解决方案设计方法，最终用户也很少参与其开发。目的：本文献综述的主要目的是了解如何在电子心理健康干预研究中考虑以人为本的设计。方法：对涵盖电子心理健康技术的明确范围的心理健康期刊进行了探索性绘图审查。在符合条件的研究中，报告了以人为本的设计方法和设计活动的核心要素（即对象、背景、设计过程和参与者）。结果：共有 30 项研究符合纳入标准，其中 22 项提到在开发电子心理健康解决方案时使用以人为本的设计方法或特定的设计方法。报告的方法分为参与式设计 (11/27, 41%)、协同设计 (6/27, 22%)、以用户为中心的设计 (5/27, 19%) 或特定设计方法 (5/27, 19 %）。刚刚超过一半（15/27，56%）提到的方法得到了参考文献的支持。最终用户在一定程度上参与了每项研究，但不一定参与设计。在所有纳入的研究中，约有 27% (8/30) 明确提到了他们团队中设计师的存在。结论：我们的研究结果表明，确实已经进行了一些尝试，将以人为本的设计方法整合到数字心理健康技术开发中。然而，这些尝试很少依赖设计师和设计研究。其他领域的研究人员和技术开发人员最好先了解以人为本的设计方法的基础，然后再进行选择。在实施特定方法时邀请设计人员提供帮助也是有益的。为了进一步激发人们对电子心理健康领域中以人为本的设计原则的兴趣和使用，我们提出了九项建议，以便在未来的研究中更好地报告以人为本的设计方法。