The field of research on pain originating from various bone diseases is expanding rapidly, with new mechanisms and targets asserting both peripheral and central sites of action. The scope of research is broadening from bone biology to neuroscience, neuroendocrinology, and immunology. In particular, the roles of primary sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells in the peripheral tissues as important targets for bone pain treatment are under extensive investigation in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. An understanding of the peripheral mechanisms underlying pain conditions associated with various bone diseases will aid in the appropriate application and development of optimal strategies for not only managing bone pain symptoms but also improving bone repairing and remodeling, which potentially cures the underlying etiology for long-term functional recovery. In this review, we focus on advances in important preclinical studies of significant bone pain conditions in the past 5 years that indicated new peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal mechanisms, novel targets for potential clinical interventions, and future directions of research.

各种骨病引起的疼痛的研究领域正在迅速扩大，新的机制和靶点确立了外周和中心作用部位。研究范围正在从骨生物学扩大到神经科学、神经内分泌学和免疫学。特别是，外周组织中初级感觉神经元和非神经元细胞作为骨痛治疗的重要靶标的作用正在临床前和临床环境中进行广泛研究。了解与各种骨病相关的疼痛状况的外围机制将有助于适当应用和制定最佳策略，不仅可以控制骨痛症状，还可以改善骨修复和重塑，这可能治愈长期功能恢复的潜在病因。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注过去 5 年中重大骨痛状况的重要临床前研究进展，这些研究表明新的周围神经元和非神经元机制、潜在临床干预的新靶点以及未来的研究方向。