Horses have had a singular impact on human societies. Beyond increasing interconnectivity and revolutionizing warfare, reconfigurations of human-horse relationships coincide with changes in sociopolitical formations. How this occurs is less well understood. This article proposes that relationships of equestrianism transform people and horses reciprocally, generating new possibilities for both species. Focusing here on human benefits, equestrianism affords differential and increased mobility, access, and experience for people, which translate horse power into human power. This has particular consequences for how political authority is negotiated. I use the tell societies of Bronze Age Hungary (ca. 2300/2200–1600/1500 BC) to model how horses were harnessed in resistance to centralized rule and social inequality as much as they were used to assert power. This interpretation challenges traditional grand narratives for the European Bronze Age, which see male elite warriors driving chariots, desirous of bronze, and instituting hierarchical, complex societies. Rather, ordinary women and men riding horses built these long-lived communities and were variously able to resist chiefly authority because of the power offered by horses. The theory starts disentangling mechanisms between local equestrianism and long-term historical changes.

中文翻译：

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骑马、统治与抵抗：匈牙利青铜时代的马术与政治权威

马对人类社会产生了独特的影响。除了增加互联互通和革命性战争之外，人马关系的重新配置与社会政治形态的变化相吻合。这是如何发生的还不太清楚。本文提出马术的关系会相互转化人和马，为这两个物种创造新的可能性。马术在这里关注人类的利益，为人们提供差异化​​和增加的流动性、访问和经验，这将马力转化为人力。这对如何协商政治权威具有特殊的影响。我使用青铜时代匈牙利的社会（约。2300/2200–1600/1500 BC）模拟马如何被用来抵抗集权统治和社会不平等，就像它们被用来维护权力一样。这种解释挑战了欧洲青铜时代的传统宏大叙事，即男性精英战士驾驶战车，渴望青铜，并建立了等级森严的复杂社会。相反，骑马的普通男女建立了这些长寿社区，并且由于马提供的力量而能够以各种方式抵抗主要的权威。该理论开始解开地方马术与长期历史变迁之间的机制。骑马的普通男女建立了这些长寿社区，并且由于马提供的力量而能够抵抗主要是权威。该理论开始解开地方马术与长期历史变迁之间的机制。骑马的普通男女建立了这些长寿社区，并且由于马提供的力量而能够抵抗主要是权威。该理论开始解开地方马术与长期历史变迁之间的机制。