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PM2.5 exposure differences between children and adults
Urban Climate ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101198
Lorenz Harr, Tim Sinsel, Helge Simon, Oliver Konter, Damian Dreiseitl, Philipp Schulz, Jan Esper

Heights of children and adults vary substantially and may cause different exposure to PM2.5 particles. We measured pedestrian PM2.5 exposure by foot following a 5.5 km route along kindergartens and schools in Mainz (Germany). Measurements were conducted in November 2019 on eight consecutive days at two heights, the potential breathing heights of adults in 1.6 and children in 1.0 m using Alphasense OPC-N3 low-cost sensors. We found that regardless of height level, persisting calm weather conditions including low wind speeds <1.0 m/s and lack of precipitation lead to increased PM2.5 exposure exceeding 67.8 μg/m3. Comparing the height levels revealed that the children were exposed to >20% higher concentrations on six days (p < 0.01), on a single day this difference exceeded 80% (24.7 μg/m3). Differences generally increased with increasing PM2.5 concentrations, though the latter are largely independent of the position along the route but varied strongly among days. These findings are supported by a microclimate simulation including traffic exhaust emissions revealing strongest height differences nearby streets with high traffic intensities. Our results demonstrate that children are exposed to considerably higher levels of PM2.5 that are typically not observed in the stationary networks recording aerosols on only one level.



中文翻译:

儿童和成人的 PM2.5 暴露差异

儿童和成人的身高差异很大,可能导致对 PM 2.5颗粒的不同暴露。我们沿着美因茨(德国)幼儿园和学校的 5.5 公里路线步行测量了行人 PM 2.5暴露量。2019 年 11 月连续八天在两个高度进行了测量,使用 Alphasense OPC-N3 低成本传感器,成人的潜在呼吸高度为 1.6,儿童的潜在呼吸高度为 1.0 m。我们发现,无论高度如何,持续平静的天气条件(包括低风速 <1.0 m/s 和缺乏降水)导致 PM 2.5暴露量增加超过 67.8 μg/m 3。比较身高水平显示,儿童在 6 天内暴露于高出 20% 以上的浓度(p  < 0.01),这一差异在一天内超过 80% (24.7 μg/m 3 )。差异通常随着 PM 2.5浓度的增加而增加,尽管后者在很大程度上与沿途的位置无关,但在几天之间变化很大。这些发现得到了包括交通尾气排放在内的小气候模拟的支持,该模拟揭示了交通强度高的街道附近最大的高度差异。我们的研究结果表明,儿童暴露于相当高水平的 PM 2.5中,这在仅记录一个水平的气溶胶的固定网络中通常不会观察到。

更新日期:2022-06-04
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