The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that converts renewable electricity into storable hydrogen, a sustainable and clean energy carrier, provides a promising method to mitigate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. In general, noble-metal-based nanomaterials (including Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, etc.) have drawn tremendous research attention in the context of the HER because of their nearly optimal bindings to hydrogen, robust stability and tunable physical/chemical properties. Particularly, carbon as a substrate not only offers a stabilizing and conductive matrix, but also impacts the electronic structure of the supported metal by interfacial interaction, necessitating a detailed understanding. To speed up the sluggish kinetics of the HER, the design and construction of efficient electrocatalysts is of crucial importance. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent advances in carbon-supported noble-metal electrocatalysts is presented, focusing on their synthetic strategies, structural analyses, and applications in HER electrocatalysis. Specifically, the correlation between the electronic structure and activity is discussed. Furthermore, a perspective is offered highlighting the challenges and opportunities for development of highly efficient HER electrocatalysts, with the aim for widespread utilization of practical water electrolyzers toward green hydrogen production.

中文翻译：

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用于析氢反应的碳负载贵金属电催化剂的最新进展：合成、结构和性能

电化学析氢反应（HER）将可再生电力转化为可储存的氢气，一种可持续的清洁能源载体，为缓解能源危机和环境污染提供了一种很有前景的方法。总的来说，贵金属基纳米材料（包括 Pt、Rh、Ru、Ir 等）在 HER 的背景下引起了极大的研究关注，因为它们与氢的结合几乎是最佳的、稳健的稳定性和可调节的物理/化学性质. 特别是，碳作为基材不仅提供了稳定和导电的基质，而且通过界面相互作用影响了负载金属的电子结构，需要详细了解。为了加快 HER 的缓慢动力学，高效电催化剂的设计和构建至关重要。在此处，综述了碳负载贵金属电催化剂的最新进展，重点介绍了它们的合成策略、结构分析和在 HER 电催化中的应用。具体来说，讨论了电子结构和活性之间的相关性。此外，还提供了一个观点，强调了开发高效 HER 电催化剂的挑战和机遇，旨在广泛利用实用的水电解槽生产绿色氢气。