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Feeding a high energy finishing diet upon arrival to high-risk feedlot calves: effects on health, performance, ruminal pH, rumination, serum metabolites, and carcass traits
Journal of Animal Science ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-31 , DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac194
David M Crawford 1 , John T Richeson 1 , Thomas L Perkins 1 , Kendall L Samuelson 1
Affiliation  

This study evaluated the impacts of feeding a high energy finishing diet during both the receiving and finishing period compared to a lower energy receiving diet with adaptation to the finishing diet on health, performance, serum chemistry, ruminal pH, rumination, and carcass characteristics of high-risk feedlot cattle. Five truck-load blocks of steers (n = 101) and bulls (n = 299) were used in a generalized complete block design and randomly assigned to receive: 1) finishing diet for the entire feeding period (FIN) or 2) receiving diet for the first 56 d, followed by transition to the finishing diet (REC). All cattle were fed ad libitum and consumed the same diet by d 74. A subset of cattle (n = 48) were randomly selected to quantify ruminal pH, temperature, and rumination time. Ultrasound images were collected on d 0, 74, and 146 to determine fat thickness over the 12 th rib and rump, and carcass characteristics were determined after slaughter. Cattle fed FIN had less (P < 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI) from d 0 to 74, but DMI did not differ (P = 0.80) after d 74. From d 0 to final, DMI was 0.26 kg less for FIN compared to REC (P = 0.01). However, calculated metabolizable energy intake was not different from d 0 to 74 (P = 0.19), d 74 to final (P = 0.80), or overall (P = 0.78). Body weight (BW) on d 74 was greater (P < 0.01) and final BW tended to be greater (P = 0.10) for FIN compared to REC. Cattle consuming FIN had greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain and increased (P < 0.01) gain:feed from d 0 to 74. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.31) in health outcomes. On d 74, FIN had greater (P = 0.04) fat thickness over the rump and rib, but did not differ (P ≥ 0.52) at d 146. Carcasses of FIN had greater (P = 0.04) hot carcass weight with no difference (P ≥ 0.11) in ribeye area, 12 th rib fat thickness, yield grade, or quality grade. There was no difference (P = 0.18) in liver abscess rate. There was a diet × day interaction for blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.02) such that concentration decreased from d 0 to d 28 in both treatments, but was less on d 28 for FIN. Ruminal pH was greater on d 2 and 61 and rumination time was less from d 0 to 28 for FIN (diet × day interaction; P < 0.01). Overall, these results suggest that providing a finishing diet fed ad libitum to high-risk calves upon arrival may be a viable alternative to a lower energy receiving diet.

中文翻译:

到达高风险饲养场小牛时喂食高能量精加工日粮:对健康、性能、瘤胃 pH 值、反刍、血清代谢物和胴体性状的影响

本研究评估了在接收和育成期间饲喂高能量育成日粮与适应育成日粮的低能量接收日粮对健康、性能、血清化学、瘤胃 pH 值、反刍和高能量胴体特征的影响。 -风险饲养场牛。五个卡车装载的阉牛 (n = 101) 和公牛 (n = 299) 块被用于广义完整块设计并随机分配接受:1) 整个饲养期 (FIN) 的育​​肥日粮或 2) 接受日粮前 56 天,然后过渡到精加工饮食 (REC)。所有的牛都在第 74 天随意喂食并食用相同的饮食。随机选择一组牛 (n = 48) 来量化瘤胃 pH 值、温度和反刍时间。在第 0 天、第 74 天收集超声图像,和 146 测定第 12 肋和臀部的脂肪厚度,屠宰后测定胴体特征。从第 0 天到第 74 天,饲喂 FIN 的牛干物质采食量 (DMI) 较少 (P < 0.01),但在第 74 天后 DMI 没有差异 (P = 0.80)。从第 0 天到最终,FIN 的 DMI 减少了 0.26 kg与 REC (P = 0.01) 相比。然而,计算出的可代谢能量摄入量在 0 至 74 天(P = 0.19)、74 天至最终(P = 0.80)或总体(P = 0.78)之间没有差异。与 REC 相比,FIN 在第 74 天的体重 (BW) 更大 (P < 0.01),最终 BW 往往更大 (P = 0.10)。食用 FIN 的牛的平均日增重更高(P < 0.01)并且增加(P < 0.01)增重:从第 0 天到第 74 天的饲料。健康结果没有差异(P ≥ 0.31)。在第 74 天,FIN 在臀部和肋骨上的脂肪厚度更大(P = 0.04),但在 146 天时没有差异 (P ≥ 0.52)。FIN 胴体具有更大 (P = 0.04) 的热胴体重量,在肋眼面积、第 12 肋脂肪厚度、产量等级或质量等级方面没有差异 (P ≥ 0.11) . 肝脓肿率无差异(P = 0.18)。血尿素氮存在饮食×天相互作用(P = 0.02),因此两种处理中浓度从 d 0 下降到 d 28,但 FIN 的浓度在 d 28 时降低。FIN 的第 2 天和第 61 天瘤胃 pH 值较高,反刍时间从第 0 天到第 28 天较短(饮食×天相互作用;P < 0.01)。总体而言,这些结果表明,在到达时为高风险小牛提供随意饲喂的收尾日粮可能是低能量接收日粮的可行替代方案。11) 在肋眼区域,第 12 肋的脂肪厚度,产量等级,或质量等级。肝脓肿率无差异(P = 0.18)。血尿素氮存在饮食×天相互作用(P = 0.02),因此两种处理中浓度从 d 0 下降到 d 28,但 FIN 的浓度在 d 28 时降低。FIN 的第 2 天和第 61 天瘤胃 pH 值较高,反刍时间从第 0 天到第 28 天较短(饮食×天相互作用;P < 0.01)。总体而言,这些结果表明,在到达时为高风险小牛提供随意饲喂的收尾日粮可能是低能量接收日粮的可行替代方案。11) 在肋眼区域,第 12 肋的脂肪厚度,产量等级,或质量等级。肝脓肿率无差异(P = 0.18)。血尿素氮存在饮食×天相互作用(P = 0.02),因此两种处理中浓度从 d 0 下降到 d 28,但 FIN 的浓度在 d 28 时降低。FIN 的第 2 天和第 61 天瘤胃 pH 值较高,反刍时间从第 0 天到第 28 天较短(饮食×天相互作用;P < 0.01)。总体而言,这些结果表明,在到达时为高风险小牛提供随意饲喂的收尾日粮可能是低能量接收日粮的可行替代方案。02) 使得浓度在两种处理中从 d 0 降低到 d 28,但 FIN 的 d 28 浓度降低。FIN 的第 2 天和第 61 天瘤胃 pH 值较高,反刍时间从第 0 天到第 28 天较短(饮食×天相互作用;P < 0.01)。总体而言,这些结果表明,在到达时为高风险小牛提供随意饲喂的收尾日粮可能是低能量接收日粮的可行替代方案。02) 使得浓度在两种处理中从 d 0 降低到 d 28,但 FIN 的 d 28 浓度降低。FIN 的第 2 天和第 61 天瘤胃 pH 值较高,反刍时间从第 0 天到第 28 天较短(饮食×天相互作用;P < 0.01)。总体而言,这些结果表明,在到达时为高风险小牛提供随意饲喂的收尾日粮可能是低能量接收日粮的可行替代方案。
更新日期:2022-05-31
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