Neutral-atom arrays have recently emerged as a promising platform for quantum information processing. One important remaining roadblock for the large-scale application of these systems is the ability to perform error-corrected quantum operations. To entangle the qubits in these systems, atoms are typically excited to Rydberg states, which could decay or give rise to various correlated errors that cannot be addressed directly through traditional methods of fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this work, we provide the first complete characterization of these sources of error in a neutral-atom quantum computer and propose hardware-efficient, fault-tolerant quantum computation schemes that mitigate them. Notably, we develop a novel and distinctly efficient method to address the most important errors associated with the decay of atomic qubits to states outside of the computational subspace. These advances allow us to significantly reduce the resource cost for fault-tolerant quantum computation compared to existing, general-purpose schemes. Our protocols can be implemented in the near term using state-of-the-art neutral-atom platforms with qubits encoded in both alkali and alkaline-earth atoms.

中文翻译：

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使用里德堡原子进行硬件高效、容错的量子计算

中性原子阵列最近已成为量子信息处理的有前途的平台。这些系统大规模应用的一个重要障碍是执行纠错量子操作的能力。为了在这些系统中纠缠量子比特，原子通常会被激发到里德堡态，这可能会衰减或产生各种相关错误，这些错误不能通过传统的容错量子计算方法直接解决。在这项工作中，我们首次对中性原子量子计算机中的这些误差源进行了完整的表征，并提出了硬件高效、容错的量子计算方案来减轻它们。尤其，我们开发了一种新颖且非常有效的方法来解决与原子量子位衰减到计算子空间之外的状态相关的最重要错误。与现有的通用方案相比，这些进步使我们能够显着降低容错量子计算的资源成本。我们的协议可以在短期内使用最先进的中性原子平台实现，其量子比特编码在碱金属和碱土原子中。