Egypt, the region’s agricultural powerhouse, has the largest irrigation area among the eleven Nile Basin countries. Meanwhile, the demand for water and irrigation management is becoming necessary. The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a key role in smart agriculture and water management to cope with modern water scarcity. This paper presents the methodology of design and assessment of a small IoT satellite constellation providing continuous coverage over Egypt and decides on the optimal location for ground stations to serve IoT sector in Egypt. Moreover, it evaluates the latency analysis and handover time for such constellation.

It is shown that a constellation of 9 satellites in a circular equatorial Low Earth Orbit (LEO) can provide continuous coverage for Egypt. The latency analysis showed that two ground stations in southernmost Egypt will provide the optimal latency for such constellation.

埃及是该地区的农业强国，在尼罗河流域的 11 个国家中拥有最大的灌溉面积。同时，对水和灌溉管理的需求也变得必要。物联网 (IoT) 在智能农业和水资源管理中发挥着关键作用，以应对现代水资源短缺问题。本文介绍了在埃及提供连续覆盖的小型物联网卫星星座的设计和评估方法，并确定了地面站为埃及物联网部门服务的最佳位置。此外，它还评估了此类星座的延迟分析和切换时间。

结果表明，在圆形赤道近地轨道 (LEO) 中的 9 颗卫星星座可以为埃及提供连续覆盖。延迟分析表明，埃及最南端的两个地面站将为此类星座提供最佳延迟。