Difficult and complicated oral ulceration: an expert consensus guideline for diagnosis,International Journal of Oral Science

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Difficult and complicated oral ulceration: an expert consensus guideline for diagnosis
International Journal of Oral Science ( IF 14.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00178-0
Xin Zeng ₁ , Xin Jin ₂ , Liang Zhong ₁ , Gang Zhou ₃ , Ming Zhong ₄ , Wenmei Wang ₅ , Yuan Fan ₆ , Qing Liu ₇ , Xiangmin Qi ₈ , Xiaobing Guan ₉ , Zhimin Yan ₁₀ , Xuemin Shen ₁₁ , Yingfang Wu ₁₂ , Lijie Fan ₁₃ , Zhi Wang ₁₄ , Yuan He ₁₅ , Hongxia Dan ₁ , Jiantang Yang ₁₆ , Hui Wang ₁₇ , Dongjuan Liu ₁₈ , Hui Feng ₁₉ , Kai Jiao ₂₀ , Qianming Chen _{1,

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Affiliation

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Department of Stomatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
The Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Centre of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Cental South University, Changsha, China.
Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Emergency and Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.
Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

The complexity of oral ulcerations poses considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to oral specialists. The expert consensus was conducted to summarize the diagnostic work-up for difficult and complicated oral ulcers, based on factors such as detailed clinical medical history inquiry, histopathological examination, and ulceration-related systemic diseases screening. Not only it can provide a standardized procedure of oral ulceration, but also it can improve the diagnostic efficiency, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

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