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Sociocultural dimensions of early dual language learning
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition ( IF 4.763 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 , DOI: 10.1017/s1366728922000384
Fred Genesee

Titone and Tiv's Systems Theory of Bilingualism aims to “urge cognitive scientists and neuroscientists to better embrace sociolinguistic and sociocultural experiences as part of their theoretical and empirical purview”. No stronger case for such a framework can be found than in studies of developmental aspects of bilingualism. In fact, inclusion of sociocultural variation has been a common feature of many studies of dual language learning for some time, especially in studies of pre-school and early-school-age learners (see Genesee, 2019, for a review). Young dual language learners – neonates, infants and toddlers, exposed to more than one language – begin life as virtual tabula rasa and are capable of learning any language with facility. As a result, their language acquisition is necessarily tied to the sociocultural parameters of the learning environments they are exposed to. Moreover, as Titone and Tiv emphasize, the immediate and ultimate purpose of language learning is communication. Thus, young dual language learners must be attuned to and acquire the sociocultural constraints and norms for communicating effectively in more than one language. While sociocultural variation is important for understanding language acquisition even among monolingual children living in relatively homogeneous monocultural environments, sociocultural variation is inherent and, indeed, enhanced in the learning environments of children acquiring more than one language insofar as each language is intimately linked with different socio-cultural parameters. Sociocultural variation can be important for understanding bilingualism in yet another way. In studies of the neuro-cognitive consequences of bilingualism, it has been reported that there is a more pronounced association between dual language exposure and activation of certain brain areas among adolescent bilinguals from relatively low SES backgrounds than bilinguals from relatively high SES backgrounds (Brito & Noble, 2018). Inclusion of sociocultural variation in research on the effects of bilingualism can reveal a more nuanced view than emerges if such variation is not considered.



中文翻译:

早期双语学习的社会文化维度

Titone 和 Tiv 的双语系统理论旨在“敦促认知科学家和神经科学家更好地接受社会语言学和社会文化经验,作为他们理论和经验范围的一部分”。没有比双语发展方面的研究更能找到这种框架的案例了。事实上,一段时间以来,纳入社会文化差异一直是许多双语学习研究的共同特征,尤其是在学龄前和学龄早期学习者的研究中(参见 Genesee,2019 年的综述)。接触不止一种语言的年轻双语学习者——新生儿、婴儿和学步儿童——以虚拟白板开始生活并且能够熟练地学习任何语言。因此,他们的语言习得必然与他们所处学习环境的社会文化参数有关。此外,正如 Titone 和 Tiv 强调的那样,语言学习的直接和最终目的是交流。因此,年轻的双语学习者必须适应并获得社会文化限制和规范,以便用一种以上的语言进行有效交流。虽然社会文化差异对于理解语言习得很重要,即使是生活在相对同质的单一文化环境中的单语儿童也是如此,但社会文化差异是固有的,事实上,在儿童学习一种以上语言的学习环境中得到加强,因为每种语言与不同的社会文化参数密切相关。社会文化差异对于以另一种方式理解双语可能很重要。在对双语的神经认知后果的研究中,据报道,与 SES 背景相对较高的双语者相比,SES 背景相对较低的青少年双语者的双语暴露与某些大脑区域的激活之间存在更明显的关联(Brito &高贵,2018)。将社会文化差异纳入双语影响的研究中,可以揭示比不考虑这种差异时更微妙的观点。社会文化差异对于以另一种方式理解双语可能很重要。在对双语的神经认知后果的研究中,据报道,与 SES 背景相对较高的双语者相比,SES 背景相对较低的青少年双语者的双语暴露与某些大脑区域的激活之间存在更明显的关联(Brito &高贵,2018)。将社会文化差异纳入双语影响的研究中,可以揭示比不考虑这种差异时更微妙的观点。社会文化差异对于以另一种方式理解双语可能很重要。在对双语的神经认知后果的研究中,据报道,与 SES 背景相对较高的双语者相比,SES 背景相对较低的青少年双语者的双语暴露与某些大脑区域的激活之间存在更明显的关联(Brito &高贵,2018)。将社会文化差异纳入双语影响的研究中,可以揭示比不考虑这种差异时更微妙的观点。据报道,与 SES 背景相对较高的双语者相比,SES 背景相对较低的青少年双语者的双语暴露与某些大脑区域的激活之间存在更明显的关联(Brito & Noble,2018)。将社会文化差异纳入双语影响的研究中,可以揭示比不考虑这种差异时更微妙的观点。据报道,与 SES 背景相对较高的双语者相比,SES 背景相对较低的青少年双语者的双语暴露与某些大脑区域的激活之间存在更明显的关联(Brito & Noble,2018)。将社会文化差异纳入双语影响的研究中,可以揭示比不考虑这种差异时更微妙的观点。

更新日期:2022-05-30
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