Karst is widely distributed throughout the world and has a significant impact on the ecological environment and engineering construction. In this study, a 3D geological model of calcrete karst near the Liuyang River was established through field investigation. The texture and mineral composition of calcrete were investigated by thin section identification, X–ray diffraction (XRD) test, and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Moreover, dissolution tests and uniaxial compressive strength tests were performed to analyze the karst development characteristics and dissolution mechanism of calcrete. Experimental results demonstrated that the calcrete karst is primarily distributed near the river with a small development scale, and 85.96% of the caves are filled with gravels and clay. The cementation component of calcrete is mainly composed of calcite, accounting for approximately 20%. Meanwhile, calcrete contains a large number of insoluble clastic particles, which were deposited in the karst caves after dissolution. The dissolution test results revealed that the dissolution of calcite cement destroyed the rock texture. The dissolution rate of calcrete increased linearly with increasing H⁺ concentration. In addition, the strength of rock decreased with karstification, and grouting was effective in treating calcrete karst by reinforcing the fillings. These findings are theoretically important for calcrete karst geology research and highly practical for engineering construction.

喀斯特在世界范围内广泛分布，对生态环境和工程建设产生重大影响。本研究通过野外调查建立了浏阳河附近钙质岩溶的三维地质模型。通过薄片鉴定、X射线衍射（XRD）测试和电子探针显微分析（EPMA）研究了钙质的质地和矿物组成。此外，通过溶出试验和单轴抗压强度试验，分析了钙质岩溶发育特征和溶出机理。试验结果表明，钙质岩溶主要分布在河流附近，发育规模较小，85.96%的洞穴充满砾石和粘土。方解石的胶结成分主要由方解石组成，约占20%。同时，钙质中含有大量不溶性碎屑颗粒，溶解后沉积在溶洞中。溶解试验结果表明，方解石胶结物的溶解破坏了岩石的质地。钙质的溶解速率随着 H 的增加而线性增加⁺浓度。此外，岩溶强度随岩溶作用而降低，注浆可通过补强充填物来有效处理钙质岩溶。这些发现对于钙质岩溶地质研究具有重要的理论意义，对工程建设具有很强的实用性。