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Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Performance Requirements of Horizontal Deceleration: A Review with Implications for Random Intermittent Multi-Directional Sports
Sports Medicine ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01693-0
Damian J Harper 1 , Alistair J McBurnie 2 , Thomas Dos' Santos 3 , Ola Eriksrud 4 , Martin Evans 5 , Daniel D Cohen 6, 7 , David Rhodes 1 , Christopher Carling 8, 9 , John Kiely 10
Affiliation  

Rapid horizontal accelerations and decelerations are crucial events enabling the changes of velocity and direction integral to sports involving random intermittent multi-directional movements. However, relative to horizontal acceleration, there have been considerably fewer scientific investigations into the biomechanical and neuromuscular demands of horizontal deceleration and the qualities underpinning horizontal deceleration performance. Accordingly, the aims of this review article are to: (1) conduct an evidence-based review of the biomechanical demands of horizontal deceleration and (2) identify biomechanical and neuromuscular performance determinants of horizontal deceleration, with the aim of outlining relevant performance implications for random intermittent multi-directional sports. We highlight that horizontal decelerations have a unique ground reaction force profile, characterised by high-impact peak forces and loading rates. The highest magnitude of these forces occurs during the early stance phase (< 50 ms) and is shown to be up to 2.7 times greater than those seen during the first steps of a maximal horizontal acceleration. As such, inability for either limb to tolerate these forces may result in a diminished ability to brake, subsequently reducing deceleration capacity, and increasing vulnerability to excessive forces that could heighten injury risk and severity of muscle damage. Two factors are highlighted as especially important for enhancing horizontal deceleration ability: (1) braking force control and (2) braking force attenuation. Whilst various eccentric strength qualities have been reported to be important for achieving these purposes, the potential importance of concentric, isometric and reactive strength, in addition to an enhanced technical ability to apply braking force is also highlighted. Last, the review provides recommended research directions to enhance future understanding of horizontal deceleration ability.



中文翻译:

水平减速的生物力学和神经肌肉性能要求:对随机间歇性多向运动的影响回顾

快速的水平加速和减速是至关重要的事件,可以使速度和方向的变化成为涉及随机间歇性多向运动的运动的组成部分。然而,相对于水平加速度,对水平减速的生物力学和神经肌肉需求以及支持水平减速性能的质量的科学研究要少得多。因此,这篇评论文章的目的是:(1) 对水平减速的生物力学要求进行循证审查,以及 (2) 确定水平减速的生物力学和神经肌肉性能决定因素,目的是概述相关性能影响随机间歇多方位运动。我们强调水平减速具有独特的地面反作用力曲线,其特点是高冲击峰值力和加载率。这些力的最大幅度发生在早期站立阶段(< 50 毫秒),并且显示比最大水平加速度的第一步中看到的力大 2.7 倍。因此,任何肢体都无法承受这些力可能会导致制动能力下降,随后降低减速能力,并增加对过度力的脆弱性,这可能会增加受伤风险和肌肉损伤的严重程度。强调两个因素对于增强水平减速能力特别重要:(1)制动力控制和(2)制动力衰减。虽然据报道各种偏心强度质量对于实现这些目的很重要,但同心、等长和反应强度的潜在重要性,以及增强的施加制动力的技术能力也得到了强调。最后,综述提供了推荐的研究方向,以加强未来对水平减速能力的理解。

更新日期:2022-05-31
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