High-performance and durable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have advanced rapidly, enabled in part by the development of superior interfacial hole-transporting layers (HTLs). Here, a new series of 2,3-diphenylthieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (DPTP)-based small molecules containing bis- and tetrakis-triphenyl amino donors (1–3) was synthesized from simple, low-cost, and readily available starting materials. The matched energy levels, ideal surface topographies, high hole mobilities of 8.57 × 10^–4 cm² V^–1 S^–1, and stable chemical structures of DPTP-4D (3) make it an effective hole-transporting material, delivering a PCE of 20.18% with high environmental, thermal, and light-soaking stability when compared to the reference HTL materials, doped Spiro-OMeTAD and PTAA in PSC n-i-p planar devices. Overall, these DPTP-based molecules are promising HTM candidates for the fabrication of stable PSCs.

中文翻译：

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2,3-二苯基噻吩并[3,4-b]吡嗪作为稳定、高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池的空穴传输材料

高性能和耐用的钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 发展迅速，部分原因是开发了卓越的界面空穴传输层 (HTL)。在这里，一系列新的 2,3-二苯基噻吩并[3,4- b ]吡嗪 ( DPTP ) 基小分子含有双和四-三苯基氨基供体 ( 1-3 )，由简单、低成本和容易获得的起始材料。DPTP - 4D ( ^{3 _} _  _ ^_  _ ^_ _) 使其成为一种有效的空穴传输材料，与PSC nip 平面器件中的参考 HTL 材料、掺杂的 Spiro-OMeTAD和PTAA相比，具有 20.18% 的 PCE 和高环境、热和光浸泡稳定性。总体而言，这些基于DPTP的分子是用于制造稳定 PSC 的有希望的 HTM 候选者。