The instability of rear electrodes undermines the long-term operational durability of efficient perovskite solar cells. Here, a composite electrode of copper–nickel (Cu–Ni) alloy stabilized by in situ grown bifacial graphene is designed. The alloying makes the work function of Cu suitable for regular perovskite solar cells. Cu–Ni is the ideal substrate for preparing high-quality graphene via chemical vapour deposition, which simultaneously protects the device from oxygen, water and reactions between internal components. To rivet the composite electrode with the semi-device, a thermoplastic copolymer is applied as an adhesive layer through hot pressing. The resulting devices achieve power conversion efficiencies of 24.34% and 20.76% (certified 20.86%) with aperture areas of 0.09 and 1.02 cm², respectively. The devices show improved stability: 97% of their initial efficiency is retained after 1,440 hours of a damp-heat test at 85 °C with a relative humidity of 85%; 95% of their initial efficiency is retained after 5,000 hours at maximum power point tracking under continuous 1 sun illumination.

后电极的不稳定性破坏了高效钙钛矿太阳能电池的长期运行耐久性。在这里，设计了一种由原位生长的双面石墨烯稳定的铜镍（Cu-Ni）合金复合电极。合金化使Cu的功函数适用于常规钙钛矿太阳能电池。Cu-Ni是通过化学气相沉积制备高质量石墨烯的理想基材，同时保护器件免受氧气、水和内部组件之间的反应。为了将复合电极与半器件铆接，通过热压施加热塑性共聚物作为粘合剂层。由此产生的器件实现了 24.34% 和 20.76%（认证为 20.86%）的功率转换效率，孔径面积为 0.09 和 1.02 cm ²， 分别。这些器件显示出更高的稳定性：在 85°C 和 85% 的相对湿度下进行 1,440 小时的湿热测试后，其初始效率的 97% 得以保持；95% 的初始效率在 5,000 小时后在连续 1 次太阳光照下保持最大功率点跟踪。