Cropland expansion has been occurring over the last century, especially in South America, displacing non-crop areas mainly with soybean. Changes at a landscape level were followed by changes at a local scale, such as the adoption of insect-resistant transgenic crops. The homogenization of agroecosystem composition and agronomic practices have a great impact on arthropod predators and herbivore insects, which has not been quantified to a great extent in South America. We evaluate the effects of cover composition (1 km radii) as a landscape variable, and Bt adoption as a local variable on the quantity of the main predators and pests in soybean fields in Uruguay. Over a two-year period, we sampled 60 soybean fields with sweep net and beating sheet. We found that Bt and non-Bt soybean fields did not differ in the number of predators and stink bugs, while Bt fields were associated with less caterpillars’ abundance. The proportion area of soybean negatively affected the quantity of some predators in this crop. In contrast, the landscape cover with natural grassland, commercial forest and maize positively affected some of these beneficial organisms. The number of stink bugs in soybean was highly affected by the surrounding cover composition. Arthropod responses depend on soybean’s phenological period. We demonstrate the effects of the agriculturalization process on soybean predators and pests, suggesting that Bt adoption does not affect predators and each vegetation cover impacts them differentially. Different non-crop landscape cover and the abundance of predators in the field margin are positively associated with the abundance of predators in soybean fields.

上个世纪，农田扩张一直在发生，特别是在南美洲，主要用大豆取代非农作物地区。景观水平的变化之后是局部尺度的变化，例如采用抗虫转基因作物。农业生态系统组成和农艺实践的同质化对节肢动物捕食者和食草昆虫的影响很大，这在南美洲尚未得到很大程度的量化。我们评估了覆盖成分（1 公里半径）作为景观变量的影响，以及 Bt 采用作为局部变量对乌拉圭大豆田主要捕食者和害虫数量的影响。在两年的时间里，我们用扫网和打板对 60 个大豆田进行了采样。我们发现 Bt 和非 Bt 大豆田在捕食者和臭虫的数量上没有差异，而 Bt 领域与较少的毛虫数量有关。大豆的面积比例对该作物中一些捕食者的数量产生了负面影响。相比之下，天然草地、商业林和玉米的景观对其中一些有益生物产生了积极影响。大豆中的臭虫数量受周围覆盖物成分的影响很大。节肢动物的反应取决于大豆的物候期。我们展示了农业化过程对大豆捕食者和害虫的影响，表明 Bt 的采用不会影响捕食者，并且每种植被覆盖都会对它们产生不同的影响。不同的非作物景观覆盖和田缘捕食者的丰度与大豆田捕食者的丰度呈正相关。