INTRODUCTION Nanovesicle technology is making a huge contribution to the progress of treatment studies for various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the leading neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe cognitive impairment. Despite the prevalence of several forms of anti-AD drugs, the accelerating pace of AD incidence cannot becurbed, and for rescue, nanovesicle technology has grabbed much attention. METHODOLOGY Comprehensive literature search was carried out using relevant keywords and online database platforms. The main concepts that have been covered included a complex pathomechanism underlying increased acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, β-amyloid aggregation, and tau-hyperphosphorylation forming neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain, which are amongst the major hallmarks of AD pathology. Therapeutic recommendations exist in the form of AchE inhibitors, along with anti-amyloid and anti-tau therapeutics, which are being explored at a high pace. The degree of the therapeutic outcome, however, gets restricted by the pharmacological limitations. Susceptibility to peripheral metabolism and rapid elimination, inefficiency to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the target brain site are the factors that lower the biostability and bioavailability of anti-AD drugs. The nanovesicle technology has emerged as a route to preserve the therapeutic efficiency of the anti-AD drugs and promote AD treatment. The review hereby aims to summarize the developments made by the nanovesicle technology in aiding the delivery of synthetic and plant-based therapeutics targeting the molecular mechanism of AD pathology. CONCLUSION Nanovesicles appear to efficiently aid in target-specific delivery of anti-AD therapeutics and nullify the drawbacks posed by free drugs, besides reducing the dosage requirement and the adversities associated. In addition, the nanovesicle technology also appears to uplift the therapeutic potential of several phyto-compounds with immense anti-AD properties. Furthermore, the review also sheds light on future perspectives to mend the gaps that prevail in the nanovesicle-mediated drug delivery in AD treatment strategies.

中文翻译：

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通过纳米囊泡辅助药物递送方法靶向阿尔茨海默病的病理特征。

简介 纳米囊泡技术正在为包括阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 在内的各种疾病的治疗研究进展做出巨大贡献。AD 是主要的神经退行性疾病，其特征是严重的认知障碍。尽管多种形式的抗AD药物盛行，但AD发病速度的加快仍无法遏制，纳米囊泡技术的救治备受关注。方法 使用相关关键词和在线数据库平台进行全面的文献检索。已涵盖的主要概念包括复杂的病理机制，潜在的乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AchE) 活性增加、β-淀粉样蛋白聚集和 tau 过度磷酸化在大脑中形成神经原纤维缠结 (NFT)，这些都是 AD 病理学的主要标志。治疗建议以 AchE 抑制剂的形式存在，以及正在高速探索的抗淀粉样蛋白和抗 tau 疗法。然而，治疗结果的程度受到药理学局限性的限制。易受外周代谢和快速消除，无法通过血脑屏障（BBB）到达靶脑部位是降低抗AD药物生物稳定性和生物利用度的因素。纳米囊泡技术已成为保持抗AD药物治疗效果和促进AD治疗的途径。本综述旨在总结纳米囊泡技术在帮助递送针对 AD 病理学分子机制的合成和植物疗法方面取得的进展。结论 纳米囊泡似乎可以有效地帮助靶向特异性递送抗 AD 疗法并消除游离药物带来的缺点，此外还减少了剂量要求和相关的不利因素。此外，纳米囊泡技术似乎也提升了几种具有巨大抗 AD 特性的植物化合物的治疗潜力。此外，该综述还阐明了未来的前景，以弥补在 AD 治疗策略中纳米囊泡介导的药物递送中普遍存在的差距。纳米囊泡技术似乎也提升了几种具有巨大抗 AD 特性的植物化合物的治疗潜力。此外，该综述还阐明了未来的前景，以弥补在 AD 治疗策略中纳米囊泡介导的药物递送中普遍存在的差距。纳米囊泡技术似乎也提升了几种具有巨大抗 AD 特性的植物化合物的治疗潜力。此外，该综述还阐明了未来的前景，以弥补在 AD 治疗策略中纳米囊泡介导的药物递送中普遍存在的差距。