The COVID-19 pandemic caused major societal changes worldwide, with the most notable being lockdowns and restrictions on social contact. We conducted a longitudinal study (total n = 1907) in Germany with two time points to (1) identify demographic risk factors of impaired social contact during the pandemic, as well as investigate potential consequences of (2) impaired social contact and (3) different modes of communication on individuals' well-being during the first lockdown in spring 2020. Results indicate that particularly individuals living alone and being unable to work reported a lower frequency of (face-to-face) contact in comparison with participants living with others or working. Impaired social contact was indirectly associated with a negative development in well-being (life satisfaction, anxiety and depression) over time, and this relation was mediated via relatedness. Moreover, the frequency of face-to-face and phone communication during lockdown was positively associated with relatedness and well-being; however, digital communication was not. The findings stress the importance of maintaining social contact in times of social distancing and of fostering reconnection between individuals once the pandemic is over.

中文翻译：

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也许给我打电话：COVID-19 大流行期间社交接触受损的风险因素以及与幸福感的关联

COVID-19 大流行在全球范围内引起了重大的社会变化，其中最显着的是封锁和限制社交接触。我们进行了纵向研究（总n = 1907）在德国有两个时间点（1）确定大流行期间社交接触受损的人口统计学风险因素，以及调查（2）社交接触受损和（3）不同沟通方式对个人健康的潜在影响-在 2020 年春季的第一次封锁期间。结果表明，与与他人同住或工作的参与者相比，独居且无法工作的人报告的（面对面）接触频率较低。随着时间的推移，受损的社会接触与幸福感（生活满意度、焦虑和抑郁）的负面发展间接相关，并且这种关系是通过相关性来调节的。此外，封锁期间面对面和电话交流的频率与相关性和幸福感呈正相关；但是，数字通信不是。研究结果强调了在社会疏远时期保持社会联系以及在大流行结束后促进个人之间重新联系的重要性。