Quadbikes or all-terrain vehicles are known for their propensity for crashes resulting in injury, disability, and death. The control of these needless losses resulting from quadbike crashes has become an essential contributor to sustainable development goals. Understanding the risk factors for such injuries is essential for developing preventive policies and strategies. The aim of this review was to identify the risk factors associated with quadbike crashes at multiple levels through a systematic review of a wide range of study designs. The study incorporated a mixed-method systematic review approach and followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for reporting systematic reviews, including a peer reviewed protocol. This systematic review included observational studies investigating the risk factors associated with quadbike crashes, injuries, or deaths. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to October 2021. Studies were screened and extracted by three researchers. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Due to extensive heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not conducted. All the risk factors have been presented in a narrative synthesis for discussion following the guidelines for Synthesis without Meta-analysis (SWiM). Thirty-nine studies combining an aggregate of 65,170 participants were included in this systematic review. The results indicate that modifiable risk factors, such as the increasing age of driving initiation, reducing substance use, and the use of organized riding parks, could reduce quadbike injuries. Riding practices such as avoiding passengers, avoiding nighttime riding, and using helmets could significantly reduce crashes and injuries among riders. Vehicle modifications such as increasing the wheelbase and limiting engine displacement could also help reduce crash incidence. Traditional interventional methods, such as legislation and training, had a weak influence on reducing quadbike injuries. Multiple risk factors are associated with quadbike injuries, with most of them modifiable. Strengthening policies and awareness to minimize risk factors would help in reducing accidents associated with quadbikes. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020170245

中文翻译：

---

与四轮摩托车碰撞相关的风险因素：系统评价

Quadbikes 或全地形车因容易发生碰撞而导致受伤、残疾和死亡而闻名。控制四轮摩托车碰撞造成的这些不必要的损失已成为实现可持续发展目标的重要因素。了解此类伤害的风险因素对于制定预防政策和策略至关重要。本次审查的目的是通过对广泛的研究设计进行系统审查，在多个层面确定与四轮摩托车碰撞相关的风险因素。该研究采用混合方法系统评价方法，并遵循 PRISMA 2020 报告系统评价指南，包括同行评审协议。该系统评价包括观察性研究，调查与四轮摩托车碰撞、受伤或死亡相关的风险因素。从成立到 2021 年 10 月，共检索了 7 个电子数据库。研究由 3 名研究人员筛选和提取。使用混合方法评估工具 (MMAT) 进行质量评估。由于广泛的异质性，未进行荟萃分析。所有的风险因素都以叙述性综合的形式呈现出来，以便按照无 Meta 分析的综合 (SWiM) 指南进行讨论。这项系统评价纳入了 39 项研究，共涉及 65,170 名参与者。结果表明，可改变的风险因素，例如驾驶开始年龄的增加、减少物质使用以及使用有组织的骑行公园，可以减少四轮摩托车的伤害。避免乘客，避免夜间骑行等骑行习惯，使用头盔可以显着减少骑手的碰撞和伤害。增加轴距和限制发动机排量等车辆改装也有助于减少碰撞发生率。传统的干预方法，例如立法和培训，对减少四轮摩托车伤害的影响较弱。多种危险因素与四轮摩托车受伤有关，其中大多数是可以改变的。加强政策和意识以尽量减少风险因素将有助于减少与四轮摩托车相关的事故。PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42020170245 多种危险因素与四轮摩托车受伤有关，其中大多数是可以改变的。加强政策和意识以尽量减少风险因素将有助于减少与四轮摩托车相关的事故。PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42020170245 多种危险因素与四轮摩托车受伤有关，其中大多数是可以改变的。加强政策和意识以尽量减少风险因素将有助于减少与四轮摩托车相关的事故。PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42020170245