An ongoing challenge in soft materials is to develop networks with high mechanical robustness while showing complete self-healing and stress relaxation. In this study we develop triple network (TN) materials with three different polymers with distinct dynamic linkers (Diels–Alder, boronic acid-ester and hydrogen bonding). TN materials exhibit significant improvement of strength, stability and excellent self-healing properties simultaneously compared to their analogous double networks (DNs). All the TNs (TN-FMA 5%, 7% and 9%) show higher tensile strength over all DNs. In addition, TN-FMA (9%) demonstrates an excellent fracture energy over 20 000 J m⁻², 750% elongation and fast stress relaxation. This highlights how dynamic bonding multiplicity and network structure can play a major role in improving the quality of dynamic materials.

中文翻译：

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互穿三重网络聚合物：三种不同动态键的协同作用

软材料面临的一个持续挑战是开发具有高机械鲁棒性的网络，同时显示出完全的自愈和应力松弛。在这项研究中，我们开发了具有三种不同聚合物的三重网络 (TN) 材料，这些聚合物具有不同的动态接头（Diels-Alder、硼酸酯和氢键）。与类似的双网络 (DN) 相比，TN 材料同时表现出强度、稳定性和优异的自愈性能显着提高。所有 TNs（TN-FMA 5%、7% 和 9%）在所有 DNs 中都表现出更高的拉伸强度。此外，TN-FMA (9%) 表现出超过 20 000 J m ^{-2的优异断裂能}, 750% 伸长率和快速应力松弛。这突出了动态粘合多样性和网络结构如何在提高动态材料的质量方面发挥重要作用。