INTRODUCTION To investigate patterns of divergence in adolescent adjustment, this study examined the co-occurring patterns of adolescents' individual assets (e.g., school engagement, values) and substance use, and whether the co-occurring patterns were associated with later functioning in emerging adulthood. METHODS Participants were 358 (54% females), predominantly African American, urban adolescents, recruited at birth for a prospective study on the effects of prenatal substance exposure in the Midwest United States. Individual assets, using the Developmental Assets Profile, substance use (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana), via biologic assays and self-report, and substance use-related problems were assessed at age 15 years. High-school completion, substance use disorder, mental health symptoms, and legal problems were assessed at age 21 years. RESULTS Latent class analysis identified five classes as follows: high assets with low substance use (C1, 10.2%); moderate assets with low substance use (C2, 28.7%); low assets with low substance use (C3, 32%); moderate assets with high substance use (C4, 9.4%); and low assets with high substance use (C5, 19.2%). Despite similar levels of assets, adolescents in C5 reported more life adversities (suboptimal caregiving environment, daily hassles, non-birth parents' care) than those in C3. C4 and C5 reported more substance use disorder at age 21 years than the three low substance use classes; adolescents in C5 were less likely to complete high school than those in C2. More females in C5 reported greater mental health symptoms than those in C1 and C3, and criminal justice involvement than those in C1. CONCLUSIONS The current findings underscore the significance of substance use in adolescence in disrupting healthy transition to adulthood, especially among females in the context of low individual assets.

中文翻译：

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城市青少年的物质使用和个人资产：新兴成年期的亚群和关联。

简介 为调查青少年调整的差异模式，本研究调查了青少年个人资产（例如，学校参与、价值观）和物质使用的共现模式，以及这些共现模式是否与成年后的后期功能相关. 方法 参与者为 358 名（54% 为女性），主要是非裔美国人、城市青少年，他们在出生时被招募用于一项关于美国中西部产前物质暴露影响的前瞻性研究。在 15 岁时评估个人资产，使用发展资产档案，物质使用（酒精，烟草，大麻），通过生物测定和自我报告，以及与物质使用相关的问题。在 21 岁时评估高中毕业、物质使用障碍、心理健康症状和法律问题。结果 潜在类别分析确定了以下五个类别：物质使用率低的高资产（C1，10.2%）；低物质使用的中等资产（C2，28.7%）；低物质使用的低资产（C3，32%）；物质使用率高的中等资产（C4，9.4%）；物质使用率高的低资产（C5，19.2%）。尽管资产水平相似，但 C5 中的青少年比 C3 中的青少年报告了更多的生活逆境（次优的照料环境、日常麻烦、非亲生父母的照料）。C4 和 C5 在 21 岁时报告的物质使用障碍多于三个低物质使用类别；C5 的青少年完成高中学业的可能性低于 C2 的青少年。与 C1 和 C3 中的女性相比，C5 中更多的女性报告了更严重的心理健康症状，并且与 C1 中的女性相比更多的女性参与了刑事司法。