THE STUDY GOALS The study examines the connection between exposure to terror attacks from the Gaza Strip, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, cultural identities, and social support among immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) to Israel. SUBJECTS The study was conducted using a community sample of immigrants from the FSU to Israel living within a radius of 60 kilometers from the Gaza Strip (n = 601). METHOD The study was cross-sectional and used anonymous questionnaires. The following scales were applied: the Measure of Exposure to Terrorism (Pat-Horenczyk, R., Abramovitz, R., Peled, O., Brom, D., Daie, A., & Chemtob, C. M. (2007). Adolescent exposure to recurrent terrorism in Israel: Post-traumatic distress and functional impairment. Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77 (1), 76-85), the PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version (Weathers, F., Litz, B., Herman, D., Huska, J., & Keane, T. (1993). The PTSD checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the ninth annual meeting of the international society for traumatic stress studies), the Social Network Interview (Mueller, D. P. (1980). Social networks: a promising direction for research on the relationship of the social environment to psychiatric disorder. Social Science &Medicine-Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, 14A (2), 147-161), the Scale of Identification with Cultural Groups (Roccas, S. (1997). Factors affecting identification with groups: Personality, group characteristics, and interaction between them. The Hebrew University), and the Scale of Adherence to Group Cultural Practices (Birman, D., & Tyler, F. B. (1994). Acculturation and alienation of Soviet Jewish refugees in the United States. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 120 (1), 101-115). FINDINGS The study results demonstrated that social support received from both the immigrant group and the larger society buffered the effect of exposure to terror attacks on PTSD symptoms among immigrants. Both components of cultural identity, identification with the group and adherence to the group's cultural practices, predicted social support received from the group. The effects were demonstrated for the support received from the immigrant group and the larger society. MAJOR IMPLICATIONS The study results indicate that the immigrant group and the larger society may provide social support to immigrants in a stressful situation. The bicultural identity enables immigrants to receive social support from both cultural groups. Thus, the present study advances our understanding of the connection between the immigrants' bicultural identity and psychological well-being/distress. On the theoretical level, the present study advances our understanding of the immigrants' coping with the potentially traumatizing situations combining ideas of the conservation of resources (Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resources theory: Its implication for stress, health, and resilience. In S. Folkman (Ed.) The Oxford handbook of stress, health, and coping. Oxford University Press) and acculturation theories (Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29 (6), 697-712). From the practical point of view, the study results indicate that for immigrants to cope successfully with life-threatening situations, helping services must ensure the immigrants' access to the resources of both the immigrant group and the larger society and strengthen the immigrants' bicultural identity.

中文翻译：

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从前苏联到以色列的移民遭受恐怖袭击和创伤：双文化认同和双文化社会支持的积极影响。

研究目标 该研究调查了从前苏联 (FSU) 到以色列的移民暴露于加沙地带的恐怖袭击、创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 症状、文化认同和社会支持之间的联系。受试者 这项研究是使用居住在距加沙地带 60 公里半径范围内的从 FSU 到以色列的移民社区样本进行的 (n = 601)。方法 该研究是横断面研究，使用匿名问卷。应用了以下量表：暴露于恐怖主义的措施（Pat-Horenczyk, R., Abramovitz, R., Peled, O., Brom, D., Daie, A., & Chemtob, CM (2007)。青少年暴露以色列反复出现的恐怖主义：创伤后痛苦和功能障碍。骨科杂志，77（1），76-85），苏联犹太难民在美国的文化适应和异化。遗传、社会和普通心理学专着，120 (1), 101-115)。结果 研究结果表明，从移民群体和更大范围的社会获得的社会支持缓冲了暴露于恐怖袭击对移民 PTSD 症状的影响。文化认同的两个组成部分，对群体的认同和对群体文化习俗的坚持，预测了从群体中获得的社会支持。从移民群体和更大范围的社会获得的支持证明了效果。主要影响 研究结果表明，移民群体和更大的社会可能会在压力情况下为移民提供社会支持。双文化身份使移民能够从两种文化群体中获得社会支持。因此，本研究加深了我们对移民的双文化认同与心理健康/痛苦之间联系的理解。在理论层面上，本研究推进了我们对移民应对潜在创伤情况的理解，结合了资源保护的思想（Hobfoll, SE (2011)。资源保护理论：它对压力、健康和恢复力的影响. S. Folkman (Ed.) The Oxford handbook of stress, health, and coping. Oxford University Press）和文化适应理论（Berry, JW (2005)。文化适应：在两种文化中成功生活。国际跨文化关系杂志，29 (6), 697-712)。从实用的角度来看，