Introduction: Sickle cell disease is the most prevalent hereditary disease in the country. The aim of this study was to use transcranial Doppler as a screening method for identifying cerebral vasculopathy in children with sickle cell disease. Methods: An epidemiologic, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients aged 2-16 years with sickle cell disease and followed at a neurology referral service between January 2014 and March 2020 underwent transcranial Doppler and complementary examinations to screen for cerebral vasculopathy. Results: Screening and confirmatory examinations diagnosed 14 of 164 patients (8.5%) with cerebral vasculopathy. Regarding stroke risk, as measured by cerebral blood flow velocity, 2 of 14 patients (14.2%) were classified as conditional risk (170-199 cm/s) and 12 of 14 (85.7%) as high risk of stroke. Conclusion: Complementary examinations should be performed in all patients with changes on transcranial Doppler to confirm cerebral vasculopathy. Further studies, particularly genetic, are needed to better understand the relationship between sickle cell disease and cerebral vasculopathy.

简介：镰状细胞病是该国最普遍的遗传性疾病。本研究的目的是使用经颅多普勒作为筛查镰状细胞病患儿脑血管病变的筛查方法。方法：进行流行病学、描述性和横断面研究。2014 年 1 月至 2020 年 3 月期间在神经内科转诊服务中随访的 2-16 岁镰状细胞病患者接受了经颅多普勒和补充检查，以筛查脑血管病。结果：筛查和确认性检查诊断出 164 名患者中的 14 名（8.5%）患有脑血管病。关于中风风险，根据脑血流速度测量，14 名患者中有 2 名 (14.2%) 被归类为条件性风险 (170-199 cm/s)，14 名患者中有 12 名 (85.7%) 被归类为中风高风险。结论：所有经颅多普勒改变的患者均应进行补充检查以确认脑血管病变。需要进一步的研究，特别是遗传研究，以更好地了解镰状细胞病与脑血管病之间的关系。