According to the Environmental Protection Agency, transportation is the largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions (28% of total emissions). Electric vehicles have remarkably grown in popularity and represent a greener future for the automotive industry. This growth has prompted lubricant and grease technology to adapt to an entirely new environment, which is exposed to new factors including external electric currents/fields and extreme temperatures and pressures originating from electric motors and power electronics. Consequently, novel lubricants and greases need to be developed and explored to ultimately improve fuel efficiency and performance. Nano-additives have offered exceptional opportunities to enhance electrical, thermal and tribological properties of the lubricants and greases used. It is thus vital to fully explore and understand the effects of nanoparticles' addition to lubricants and greases, as well as the mechanisms by which improvements are obtained. This perspective summarises the recent trends of developing lubricants and greases for electric vehicles.

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电动汽车高级润滑油和润滑脂设计的最新进展——概述

根据环境保护署的数据，交通是温室气体排放的最大贡献者（占总排放量的 28%）。电动汽车的受欢迎程度显着增长，代表了汽车行业更环保的未来。这种增长促使润滑油和润滑脂技术适应全新的环境，该环境暴露于新的因素，包括外部电流/场以及源自电动机和电力电子设备的极端温度和压力。因此，需要开发和探索新型润滑剂和润滑脂，以最终提高燃油效率和性能。纳米添加剂为增强所用润滑剂和润滑脂的电学、热学和摩擦学性能提供了绝佳的机会。因此，充分探索和了解纳米粒子添加到润滑剂和润滑脂中的影响以及获得改进的机制至关重要。该观点总结了开发电动汽车润滑油和润滑脂的最新趋势。