In Tatarstan in the 1990s and early 2000s, a switch took place from an identity primarily based on ethnicity, to an identity more strongly informed by religious belonging. This happened in official political and scholarly Islamic discourse as well as in everyday Muslim life, and is linked to different variants of Tatar nationalism.

中文翻译：

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郁金香的展开

在 1990 年代和 2000 年代初期，鞑靼斯坦的身份从主要基于种族的身份转变为更强烈地受宗教归属感影响的身份。这发生在官方政治和学术伊斯兰话语以及穆斯林日常生活中，并与鞑靼民族主义的不同变体有关。