ABSTRACT The Atlantic mountains of Spain are suffering a strong landscape change due to a widespread and intensive emigration to urban areas since the 1950s. This process, representative of global developments in an imminent future, is dominated by urban societies and leads to deep landscape changes in which crop fields and grasslands are abandoned and progressively covered by forest and shrubs. These dynamics have caused in turn a decrease in the runoff and a general slowdown of geomorphological processes. The impacts of land cover change have been simultaneous to an irregularity in precipitation and a significant increase of temperatures. With this background, this paper assesses in detail the impact of landscape change occurred over the last decades (twentieth and twenty-first centuries) on the water and sediment yield in the Pisuerga catchment headwaters (Cantabrian Mountains, N Spain). We analyzed the different components of Global Change in a catchment of 233 km2 extent, that has passed from 15 to 2 habitants/km2, from multiple data sources. Evolution of land cover was reconstructed from aerial photographs, remote sensing and other resources. The climatic parameters have been studied through meteorological stations, and the hydrological and sedimentological responses over time are based on available runoff data and sedimentological analysis. Our results show a significant decrease in water and sediment transport mainly driven by vegetation increase occurred in a non-linear way, more intense immediately after abandonment. This fact opens the opportunity to control more accurately water resources in Mediterranean catchments through land use management.

中文翻译：

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土地废弃和气候变化对 Pisuerga 源头（西班牙坎塔布连山脉）径流生成和泥沙输送的影响

摘要自 1950 年代以来，由于向城市地区广泛而密集的移民，西班牙的大西洋山区正在遭受强烈的景观变化。这一过程代表了即将到来的未来的全球发展，由城市社会主导，并导致深刻的景观变化，农田和草原被废弃，逐渐被森林和灌木覆盖。这些动态反过来导致径流减少和地貌过程普遍放缓。土地覆盖变化的影响与降水的不规律性和温度的显着升高同时发生。在这样的背景下，本文详细评估了过去几十年（20 世纪和 21 世纪）发生的景观变化对 Pisuerga 集水区源头（西班牙北部坎塔布连山脉）的水和泥沙产量的影响。我们从多个数据源分析了 233 平方公里范围内的全球变化的不同组成部分，该范围已从 15 到 2 个居民/平方公里。从航空照片、遥感和其他资源重建土地覆盖的演变。气候参数已经通过气象站进行了研究，随着时间的推移水文和沉积学响应基于可用的径流数据和沉积学分析。我们的结果表明，主要由植被增加驱动的水和泥沙输送显着减少，以非线性方式发生，放弃后立即更加激烈。这一事实为通过土地使用管理更准确地控制地中海集水区的水资源提供了机会。