Although migraine in adult and pediatric patients are overall very similar to each other, differences in prevalence, presentation, and treatment efficacy may reflect slight differences in the pathophysiological processes underlying migraine in these patient groups, perhaps because of ongoing development of the nervous system during childhood and adolescence. Although major gains have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of migraine in adults in recent years, equivalent research on migraine in pediatric patients continues to lag behind. In this review, we will describe the current state of migraine research in pediatric patients with regard to presentation and frequency of prodromal and postdromal symptoms, ictal and interictal calcitonin gene-related peptide elevation, and evidence for cortical spreading depression, thus covering all phases of migraine, and discuss how the findings seen here may relate to possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine. We aim to elucidate possible differences between migraine in children and adults, and the need for further research specific to pediatric patients with migraine in order to improve treatment in this patient group.

尽管成人和儿童患者的偏头痛总体上非常相似，但患病率、表现和治疗效果的差异可能反映了这些患者组偏头痛的病理生理过程的细微差异，这可能是由于儿童期神经系统的持续发育所致和青春期。尽管近年来在了解成人偏头痛的病理生理学方面取得了重大进展，但对儿科患者偏头痛的同等研究仍然落后。在这篇综述中，我们将描述儿科患者偏头痛研究的现状，包括前驱和后驱症状的表现和频率、发作期和发作间期降钙素基因相关肽升高以及皮质扩散性抑制的证据，因此涵盖了偏头痛的所有阶段，并讨论了这里看到的发现如何与偏头痛的潜在病理生理机制相关。我们的目标是阐明儿童和成人偏头痛之间可能存在的差异，以及进一步研究偏头痛儿科患者的需求，以改善该患者组的治疗。