Our archaeological understanding of Western Desert cultural landscapes continues to change and become more nuanced. Through a multi-decadal relationship forged between Aboriginal people and collaborating anthropologists and archaeologists (specifically Bob Tonkinson, Peter Veth and more recently – since 2000 – Jo McDonald), this place’s deep significance to the Martu Traditional Owners is confirmed. Our investigations of Serpents Glen (Karnatukul) are also contributing to a deeper understanding of the archaeology of Australia, particularly in relation to the flexibility of arid-zone hunter-gatherers. The re-analysis of key sites around Australia continues to reveal greater antiquity of Aboriginal culture while increasingly viable data sets also provide new evidence for the models we deploy to understand human behaviour. Australian sites excavated by pioneering archaeologists (Bowdler 1976; Bowler et al. 1970; Gould 1977; Mulvaney 1960; Wright 1971) began to unravel the myth of a shallow timeframe. The rise of professionalism and regionalism at the end of last millennium saw the focus shift from hunting deep-time excavations, to gathering understandings of social geography and cultural complexity: seen by some as gendered practice (Moser 2007). The last decade has seen a number of the landmark sites being revisited (e.g. Riwi, Carpenter’s Gap, Puntutjarpa, Malakunanja II/Madjedbebe) and explored in new detail with a range of improved scientific techniques. This has resulted in increasingly earlier evidence for arrivals on the Australian continent (Norman et al. 2017; Veth 2017). This recent efflorescence also provides greater clarity on the complexity and adaptability of the first Australians (Balme 2000/Wood et al. 2016; Whitau et al. 2016; O’Connor 1995/Maloney et al. 2018; Gould 1977/Smith et al. 2017; Roberts et al. 1990/Clarkson et al. 2017). The most recent archaeological excavations at Karnatukul were at the request of Native Title holders who wanted additional knowledge about the landscape before the installation of the first tourist facilities. This investigation has almost doubled the known occupation of this site, making it the earliest known in the Australian arid zone, providing further contradiction to Gould’s model for a late Pleistocene-Early Holocene entry into the interior deserts. The stylistic discontinuities at both the regional and site level also refute his Australian Desert Culture being one of long-term cultural conservatism. Revisiting Serpents Glen has resulted in a revision to its deep time significance, but it has also demonstrated the complexity of Holocene arid-zone lifeways. Reanalysis has mobilised stone tool and rock art productions; and by exploring the contemporaneity of these two behaviours we have achieved a level of understanding which Gould University of Western Australia, AU jo.mcdonald@uwa.edu.au McDonald, J. 2020. Serpents Glen (Karnatukul): New Histories for Deep time Attachment to Country in Australia’s Western Desert. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology, 30(1): 5, pp. 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-624 Bulletin of the History of Archaeology

中文翻译：

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Serpents Glen (Karnatukul)：澳大利亚西部沙漠对国家的深度依恋新历史

我们对西部沙漠文化景观的考古理解不断变化，变得更加细致入微。通过原住民与合作的人类学家和考古学家（特别是 Bob Tonkinson、Peter Veth 以及最近 - 自 2000 年以来 - Jo McDonald）之间建立的数十年关系，这个地方对 Martu 传统所有者的深刻意义得到了证实。我们对 Serpents Glen (Karnatukul) 的调查也有助于更深入地了解澳大利亚的考古学，特别是与干旱地区狩猎采集者的灵活性有关的问题。对澳大利亚各地关键地点的重新分析继续揭示更古老的原住民文化，而越来越可行的数据集也为我们为了解人类行为而部署的模型提供了新的证据。先驱考古学家发掘的澳大利亚遗址（Bowdler 1976；Bowler 等人 1970；Gould 1977；Mulvaney 1960；Wright 1971）开始揭开时间框架较浅的神话。上个千年末专业主义和区域主义的兴起见证了重点从寻找深度挖掘转向收集对社会地理和文化复杂性的理解：被一些人视为性别化实践（Moser 2007）。在过去的十年中，许多具有里程碑意义的地点被重新审视（例如 Riwi、Carpenter's Gap、Puntutjarpa、Malakunanja II/Madjedbebe），并通过一系列改进的科学技术对新的细节进行了探索。这导致越来越早的证据表明抵达澳大利亚大陆（Norman et al. 2017; Veth 2017）。最近的风潮也更清楚地说明了第一批澳大利亚人的复杂性和适应性（Balme 2000/Wood et al. 2016; Whitau et al. 2016; O'Connor 1995/Maloney et al. 2018; Gould 1977/Smith et al. 2016） 2017；罗伯茨等人 1990/克拉克森等人 2017）。卡纳图库最近的考古发掘是应土著权利持有人的要求，他们希望在安装第一个旅游设施之前获得更多关于景观的知识。这项调查几乎使该地点的已知占用增加了一倍，使其成为澳大利亚干旱区已知的最早地点，这与古尔德关于晚更新世-早全新世进入内陆沙漠的模型进一步矛盾。区域和场地层面的风格不连续性也驳斥了他的澳大利亚沙漠文化是一种长期的文化保守主义。重访蛇谷导致了对其深刻时代意义的修正，但它也展示了全新世干旱区生命方式的复杂性。再分析动员了石器和岩画作品；通过探索这两种行为的同时代性，我们已经达到了一定程度的理解，西澳大利亚古尔德大学 jo.mcdonald@uwa.edu.au McDonald, J. 2020. Serpents Glen (Karnatukul): New Histories for Deep time依恋于澳大利亚西部沙漠的国家。考古史公报，30（1）：5，第 1-13 页。DOI：https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-624 考古史公报 重访蛇谷导致了对其深刻时代意义的修正，但它也展示了全新世干旱区生命方式的复杂性。再分析动员了石器和岩画作品；通过探索这两种行为的同时代性，我们已经达到了一定程度的理解，西澳大利亚古尔德大学 jo.mcdonald@uwa.edu.au McDonald, J. 2020. Serpents Glen (Karnatukul): New Histories for Deep time依恋于澳大利亚西部沙漠的国家。考古史公报，30（1）：5，第 1-13 页。DOI：https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-624 考古史公报 重访蛇谷导致了对其深刻时代意义的修正，但它也展示了全新世干旱区生命方式的复杂性。再分析动员了石器和岩画作品；通过探索这两种行为的同时代性，我们已经达到了一定程度的理解，西澳大利亚古尔德大学 jo.mcdonald@uwa.edu.au McDonald, J. 2020. Serpents Glen (Karnatukul): New Histories for Deep time依恋于澳大利亚西部沙漠的国家。考古史公报，30（1）：5，第 1-13 页。DOI：https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-624 考古史公报 再分析动员了石器和岩画作品；通过探索这两种行为的同时代性，我们已经达到了一定程度的理解，西澳大利亚古尔德大学 jo.mcdonald@uwa.edu.au McDonald, J. 2020. Serpents Glen (Karnatukul): New Histories for Deep time依恋于澳大利亚西部沙漠的国家。考古史公报，30（1）：5，第 1-13 页。DOI：https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-624 考古史公报 再分析动员了石器和岩画作品；通过探索这两种行为的同时代性，我们已经达到了一定程度的理解，西澳大利亚古尔德大学 jo.mcdonald@uwa.edu.au McDonald, J. 2020. Serpents Glen (Karnatukul): New Histories for Deep time依恋于澳大利亚西部沙漠的国家。考古史公报，30（1）：5，第 1-13 页。DOI：https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-624 考古史公报 1-13。DOI：https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-624 考古史公报 1-13。DOI：https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-624 考古史公报