The years of the British Mandate to Palestine witnessed accelerated development in numerous realms, including the thriving of archaeological research. For the first time, a local department of antiquities was established and an impressive museum was opened. During this period, excavations were also conducted by resourcerich research teams (Ben-Arieh 1999a; 1999b). The leap in research also affectedmembers of the country’s Jewish population (Yishuv). In 1920, the initial excavation of Hamat Tiberias was conducted by the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, and 1925 marked the establishment of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which quickly began to take part in the excavations of the ‘Third Wall’ in Jerusalem (Ben-Arieh 2001). The increasing strength of the Yishuv also resulted in a growing number of studies, and more than 20 significant excavations were carried out by Jewish archaeologists who lived in the country during the Mandate. As a result of the violent clashes and the riots that occurred in Palestine over the future of the country and the authorities’ treatment of its inhabitants, British Royal Commissions were established to consider the situation. The various conclusions of these bodies included a call to partition Palestine, while leaving certain zones subject to different levels of international administration (Biger 2004). The commissions had little impact on the selection of the archaeological research sites of members of the Yishuv, which were being conducted throughout Palestine. For example, between 1940 and 1942, Moshe Stekelis (1993) excavated a prehistoric site in Bethlehem, and in 1941 he conducted exploratory excavations at Tinshemet Cave (Mugharet Al Watwat), located near Shuqba Cave in Wadi en-Natuf in western Samaria (Stekelis 1942) (Figure 1). The violent events themselves had significant influence on the excavations and resulted in their cessation on more than one occasion. However, as long as Palestine was not partitioned, it continued to be researched as a single unit. The outbreak of World War II resulted in a decline in the activity of the foreign research delegations and schools, raising the profile of local Jewish researchers, who never stopped excavating. They even continued a number of unexpectedly halted excavations that had been started by their foreign counterparts (as was the case of Stekelis’s excavation in Bethlehem). Jewish excavation enterprises, such as the Beit She’arim dig and the discovery of ancient synagogues, were incorporated into the constructing of the Zionist narrative. The close relationship between archaeology and nationalism that began to emerge at the time only intensified after the establishment of the state of Israel (Feige and Shiloni Ariel University, IL Corresponding author: Mordechay Lash (ml0524239691@gmail.com) Lash, M, et al. 2020. Underground – Archaeological Research in the West Bank, 1948–1967: Management, Complexity, and Israeli Involvement. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology, 30(1): 8, pp. 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-650 Bulletin of the History of Archaeology

中文翻译：

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地下——西岸考古研究，1948-1967：管理、复杂性和以色列的参与

英国托管巴勒斯坦的岁月见证了许多领域的加速发展，包括考古研究的蓬勃发展。第一次成立了当地的文物部门，并开设了令人印象深刻的博物馆。在此期间，资源丰富的研究团队也进行了挖掘工作（Ben-Arieh 1999a；1999b）。研究的飞跃也影响了该国犹太人（Yishuv）的成员。1920 年，哈马特提比利亚的初步挖掘工作由犹太巴勒斯坦探索协会进行，1925 年标志着耶路撒冷希伯来大学的成立，该大学很快开始参与耶路撒冷“第三墙”的挖掘工作（本-阿里耶 2001）。伊舒夫力量的增强也导致了越来越多的研究，托管期间居住在该国的犹太考古学家进行了 20 多次重大发掘。由于巴勒斯坦发生的暴力冲突和骚乱，围绕该国的未来以及当局对其居民的待遇，英国皇家委员会成立了考虑这一情况。这些机构的各种结论包括呼吁分割巴勒斯坦，同时让某些地区受到不同程度的国际管理（Biger 2004）。这些委员会对在整个巴勒斯坦进行的 Yishuv 成员的考古研究地点的选择几乎没有影响。例如，在 1940 到 1942 年间，Moshe Stekelis (1993) 在伯利恒挖掘了一个史前遗址，1941 年，他在位于撒马利亚西部 Wadi en-Natuf 的 Shuqba 洞穴附近的 Tinshemet 洞穴 (Mugharet Al Watwat) 进行了探索性挖掘（Stekelis 1942）（图 1）。暴力事件本身对挖掘工作产生了重大影响，并不止一次导致挖掘工作停止。但是，只要巴勒斯坦没有被瓜分，它就继续作为一个单一的单元进行研究。第二次世界大战的爆发导致外国研究代表团和学校的活动减少，提高了当地犹太研究人员的知名度，他们从未停止过挖掘工作。他们甚至继续进行了一些由外国同行开始的意外中止的挖掘工作（如斯特凯利斯在伯利恒的挖掘工作）。犹太挖掘企业，诸如Beit She'arim 挖掘和古代犹太教堂的发现，都被纳入了犹太复国主义叙事的构建中。当时开始出现的考古学与民族主义之间的密切关系在以色列建国后才愈演愈烈（Feige and Shiloni Ariel University, IL 通讯作者：Mordechay Lash (ml0524239691@gmail.com) Lash, M, et al . 2020. Underground – Archaeological Research in the West Bank, 1948–1967: Management, Complexity, and Israel Involvement. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology, 30(1): 8, pp. 1–11. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.5334/bha-650 考古史公报 考古史公报，30（1）：8，第 1-11 页。DOI：https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-650 考古史公报 考古史公报，30（1）：8，第 1-11 页。DOI：https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-650 考古史公报