This paper examines three examples of native bird classification systems historically used by the aboriginal peoples of the Hawaiian Islands. The goal is to better understand Indigenous linguistic hierarchies in the taxonomic structure and nomenclature systems that were formerly utilized by these colonized peoples. Three specific manuscripts from two native historians and a foreign naturalist are analyzed to better ascertain how these systems may have worked, despite the dearth of data on the comprehensive knowledge of bird hunters and ritual specialists. The utilitarian basis of these systems is shown to have potential practical application for the ongoing cultural and linguistic revitalization of the native Hawaiian people. The perspectives and reasoning behind these systems could be used as a tool for reviving traditional relationships with the unique ecosystems of Hawaiʻi. Further research in the large but diffuse archives of Hawaiian language manuscripts may eventually expand our understanding of Hawaiian folk systematics.

中文翻译：

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回收以鸟类分类为代表的夏威夷原住民知识

本文研究了夏威夷群岛原住民历史上使用的三个本土鸟类分类系统的例子。目标是更好地了解这些殖民地人民以前使用的分类结构和命名系统中的土著语言等级。尽管缺乏关于鸟类猎人和仪式专家全面知识的数据，但分析了来自两位本土历史学家和一位外国博物学家的三份具体手稿，以更好地确定这些系统可能是如何运作的。这些系统的功利基础被证明具有潜在的实际应用，可用于夏威夷原住民正在进行的文化和语言复兴。这些系统背后的观点和推理可以用作恢复与夏威夷独特生态系统的传统关系的工具。对庞大而分散的夏威夷语言手稿档案的进一步研究可能最终会扩大我们对夏威夷民间系统学的理解。