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Transgenerational effects and phenotypic plasticity in sperm and larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus under ocean acidification
Aquatic Toxicology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106208
Tihana Marčeta 1 , Lisa Locatello 2 , Silvia Alban 3 , Mohamad Sofi Abu Hassan 4 , Nik-Nurasyikin Nik Mohmmad Azmi 4 , Livio Finos 5 , Denis Badocco 6 , Maria Gabriella Marin 3
Affiliation  

In marine organisms, differing degree of sensitivity to ocean acidification (OA) is expected for each life stage, and disturbance at one stage can carry over into the following stage or following generation. In this study we investigated phenotypic changes of sperm and larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in response to different pH conditions (8.0, 7.7, 7.4) experienced by the parents during gametogenesis. In sperm from two-months exposed males, sperm motility, velocity, ATP content, ATP consumption and respiration rate were evaluated at three pH values of the activating medium (8.0, 7.7 and 7.4). Moreover, larvae from each parental group were reared at pH 8.0 and 7.7 for 20 days and larval mortality and growth were then assessed. Sperm motility and respiration rate were not affected either by exposure of males to low pH or by the post-activation pH. Sperm velocity did not differ among post-activation pH values in all sperm groups, but it decreased slower in sperm developed under acidified conditions, suggesting the presence of positive carryover effect on sperm longevity. This positive carryover effect of exposure of males to low pH values was highlighted also for the sperm ATP content, which was higher in these groups of sperm. ATP consumption rate was affected by post-activation pH with higher values at pH 8.0 in sperm from males maintained at control condition and pH 7.7 while the energy consumption appeared to be differently modulated at different experimental conditions. A negative carry over effect of OA was observed on survival of larvae from parents acclimated at pH 7.4 and additive negative effects of both parental and larval exposure to low pH can be suggested. In all groups of larvae, decreased somatic growth was observed at low rearing pH, thus larvae from parents maintained at low pH did not show an increased capability to cope with OA.



中文翻译:

海洋酸化下海胆 Paracentrotus lividus 精子和幼虫的跨代效应和表型可塑性

在海洋生物中,预计每个生命阶段对海洋酸化 (OA) 的敏感性程度不同,一个阶段的干扰可以延续到下一个阶段或下一代。在这项研究中,我们调查了海胆Paracentrotus lividus精子和幼虫的表型变化响应父母在配子发生过程中经历的不同 pH 条件(8.0、7.7、7.4)。在暴露两个月的雄性精子中,在激活介质的三个 pH 值(8.0、7.7 和 7.4)下评估了精子活力、速度、ATP 含量、ATP 消耗和呼吸速率。此外,每个亲本组的幼虫在 pH 8.0 和 7.7 下饲养 20 天,然后评估幼虫死亡率和生长情况。精子活力和呼吸速率不受雄性暴露于低 pH 值或激活后 pH 值的影响。精子速度在所有精子组的激活后 pH 值之间没有差异,但在酸化条件下发育的精子中,精子速度下降较慢,这表明存在对精子寿命的正残留效应。男性暴露于低 pH 值的这种积极遗留效应也突出显示了精子 ATP 含量,这在这些精子组中更高。ATP 消耗率受激活后 pH 值的影响,在保持在对照条件和 pH 7.7 的雄性精子中,pH 8.0 的值较高,而能量消耗在不同的实验条件下似乎受到不同的调节。观察到 OA 对适应 pH 7.4 的亲本幼虫的存活率有负面影响,并且可以表明亲本和幼虫暴露于低 pH 值的附加负面影响。在所有幼虫组中,在低饲养 pH 值下观察到体细胞生长下降,因此维持在低 pH 值的亲本幼虫没有表现出处理 OA 的能力增加。在这些精子组中更高。ATP 消耗率受激活后 pH 值的影响,在保持在对照条件和 pH 7.7 的雄性精子中,pH 8.0 的值较高,而能量消耗在不同的实验条件下似乎受到不同的调节。观察到 OA 对适应 pH 7.4 的亲本幼虫的存活率有负面影响,并且可以表明亲本和幼虫暴露于低 pH 值的附加负面影响。在所有幼虫组中,在低饲养 pH 值下观察到体细胞生长下降,因此维持在低 pH 值的亲本幼虫没有表现出处理 OA 的能力增加。在这些精子组中更高。ATP 消耗率受激活后 pH 值的影响,在保持在对照条件和 pH 7.7 的雄性精子中,pH 8.0 的值较高,而能量消耗在不同的实验条件下似乎受到不同的调节。观察到 OA 对适应 pH 7.4 的亲本幼虫的存活率有负面影响,并且可以表明亲本和幼虫暴露于低 pH 值的附加负面影响。在所有幼虫组中,在低饲养 pH 值下观察到体细胞生长下降,因此维持在低 pH 值的亲本幼虫没有表现出处理 OA 的能力增加。7,而在不同的实验条件下,能量消耗似乎有不同的调节。观察到 OA 对适应 pH 7.4 的亲本幼虫的存活率有负面影响,并且可以表明亲本和幼虫暴露于低 pH 值的附加负面影响。在所有幼虫组中,在低饲养 pH 值下观察到体细胞生长下降,因此维持在低 pH 值的亲本幼虫没有表现出处理 OA 的能力增加。7,而在不同的实验条件下,能量消耗似乎有不同的调节。观察到 OA 对适应 pH 7.4 的亲本幼虫的存活率有负面影响,并且可以表明亲本和幼虫暴露于低 pH 值的附加负面影响。在所有幼虫组中,在低饲养 pH 值下观察到体细胞生长下降,因此维持在低 pH 值的亲本幼虫没有表现出处理 OA 的能力增加。

更新日期:2022-05-24
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