Crude methanol extract (ME) of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) sprout was fractioned by hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The contents of total polyphenols (19.89 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (10.06 mg RE/g) were significantly higher in the butanol fraction (BF) than in the other fractions. The BF showed the highest DPPH (EC50 = 0.524 mg/mL) and ABTS (EC50 = 0.180 mg/mL) radical scavenging activities. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of crude ME showed that the most abundant phenolic compounds were rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, catechin, and p-coumaric acid. The contents of quercetin, chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid were higher in the ethyl acetate fraction (EF) and BF than in the other fractions. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compound contents were correlated, suggesting that phenolics were responsible for the antioxidant activity. The hexane fraction (HF) and chloroform fraction (CF) decreased the viability of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and the CF had the highest antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 69.47 mg/mL). The CF also suppressed the stemness characteristics of BCSCs and induced apoptotic cell death. The most abundant characteristic peak in CF was identified as oleic acid (area = 35.05%) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Therefore, the broccoli sprout BF contained high levels of phenolic compounds that contributed to its antioxidant activity, and CF had a marked anti-proliferative effect on BCSCs.

中文翻译：

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西兰花 (Brassica oleracea L.) 芽的溶剂部分的抗氧化和抗增殖活性

用己烷、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丁醇和水对西兰花 (Brassica oleracea L.) 芽的粗甲醇提取物 (ME) 进行分级。丁醇馏分 (BF) 中总多酚 (19.89 mg GAE/g) 和黄酮类化合物 (10.06 mg RE/g) 的含量显着高于其他馏分。BF 表现出最高的 DPPH (EC50 = 0.524 mg/mL) 和 ABTS (EC50 = 0.180 mg/mL) 自由基清除活性。粗ME的高效液相色谱（HPLC）表明，最丰富的酚类化合物是芦丁、槲皮素、绿原酸、儿茶素和对香豆酸。乙酸乙酯馏分(EF)和BF中槲皮素、绿原酸和对香豆酸的含量高于其他馏分。抗氧化活性与酚类化合物含量相关，表明酚类物质负责抗氧化活性。己烷组分 (HF) 和氯仿组分 (CF) 降低了乳腺癌干细胞 (BCSCs) 的活力，并且 CF 具有最高的抗增殖活性 (IC50 = 69.47 mg/mL)。CF 还抑制 BCSCs 的干性特征并诱导凋亡细胞死亡。CF 中最丰富的特征峰通过气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 鉴定为油酸（面积 = 35.05%）。因此，西兰花芽 BF 含有高水平的酚类化合物，有助于其抗氧化活性，而 CF 对 BCSCs 具有显着的抗增殖作用。并且CF具有最高的抗增殖活性（IC50 = 69.47 mg/mL）。CF 还抑制 BCSCs 的干性特征并诱导凋亡细胞死亡。CF 中最丰富的特征峰通过气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 鉴定为油酸（面积 = 35.05%）。因此，西兰花芽 BF 含有高水平的酚类化合物，有助于其抗氧化活性，而 CF 对 BCSCs 具有显着的抗增殖作用。并且CF具有最高的抗增殖活性（IC50 = 69.47 mg/mL）。CF 还抑制 BCSCs 的干性特征并诱导凋亡细胞死亡。CF 中最丰富的特征峰通过气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 鉴定为油酸（面积 = 35.05%）。因此，西兰花芽 BF 含有高水平的酚类化合物，有助于其抗氧化活性，而 CF 对 BCSCs 具有显着的抗增殖作用。