BACKGROUND
France was one of the first countries implementing lockdown measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Since families spent more time at home, household and care workloads increased significantly. However, existing findings are mixed in terms of whether this situation contributed to a more gender-egalitarian division of unpaid work.

OBJECTIVE
This paper explores the division of domestic work within couples across two different COVID-19 lockdowns and compares them to the out-of-lockdown period in France. We use the theoretical lenses of time availability, relative resources, and ‘doing gender’ to make sense of these changes.

METHODS
Our longitudinal analyses rely on an original panel study we collected in France between April 2020 and April 2021. It includes a sample of 1,959 observations (of 809 individuals living in couples). We employ the different types of restrictions to mobility and social life imposed during the first year of the pandemic as a contextual background, within which we measure the main drivers of change in the division of unpaid work within couples. We use individual fixed effect regression models to estimate changes in men’s share of unpaid work by time, changes in work conditions, partners’ educational gaps, and types of domestic tasks.

RESULTS
The first lockdown contributed to a slight rebalancing of unpaid work within couples. However, our results show an impact of both absolute and relative time availability on men’s share of unpaid work and that the overall rebalancing of unpaid work hides highly gendered patterns. Indeed, we find men doing more shopping and women doing more child care. This gendered division of labour is slightly more prevalent among couples in which the man is more educated than his partner.



中文翻译：

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谁照顾了什么？法国 COVID-19 大流行第一年无偿工作的性别划分（Marta Pasqualini、Marta Dominguez Folgueras、Emanuele Ferragina、Olivier Godechot、Ettore Recchi、Mirna Safi）

背景
法国是最早实施封锁措施以减轻 COVID-19 传播的国家之一。由于家庭在家里度过了更多的时间，家庭和护理工作量显着增加。然而，就这种情况是否导致无偿工作更加性别平等的划分而言，现有的调查结果好坏参半。

目标
本文探讨了夫妻在两种不同的 COVID-19 封锁期间的家务分工，并将其与法国的非封锁期进行了比较。我们使用时间可用性、相关资源和“做性别”的理论镜头来理解这些变化。

方法
我们的纵向分析依赖于我们在 2020 年 4 月至 2021 年 4 月期间在法国收集的原始小组研究。它包括 1,959 次观察的样本（809 名夫妻生活的人）。我们将大流行第一年对流动性和社会生活施加的不同类型的限制作为背景背景，在此背景下，我们衡量了夫妻之间无偿工作分工变化的主要驱动因素。我们使用个体固定效应回归模型来估计男性在无偿工作中所占份额随时间、工作条件的变化、伴侣的教育差距和家务类型的变化。

结果
第一次封锁有助于夫妻之间无偿工作的轻微重新平衡。然而，我们的结果表明，绝对和相对时间可用性对男性无偿工作份额的影响，并且无偿工作的整体再平衡隐藏了高度性别化的模式。事实上，我们发现男性做更多的购物，女性做更多的育儿工作。这种性别分工在男性比伴侣受教育程度更高的夫妻中更为普遍。