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S-Nitrosothiol-Impregnated Silicone Catheter for Colorimetric Sensing of Indole and E. coli: Toward On-Body Detection of Urinary Tract Infections
ACS Sensors ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00439
Brock Brady 1 , Wuwei Li 1 , Nashwan Farooque 1 , Christopher Ehrhardt 2 , Mark E Meyerhoff 3 , Xuewei Wang 1
Affiliation  

Although there are many techniques to detect pathogenic bacteria, most of them are only suited for in vitro diagnostics. We report a urinary catheter-based colorimetric sensor for potential on-body detection of E. coli, the most prevalent bacterial species in urinary tract infections associated with the use of urinary catheters. In urine, indole is secreted by E. coli and reacts with a nitrosating agent incorporated in a silicone catheter. A red dimeric product, indoxyl red, is generated within silicone rubber to allow for color-based indole sensing with high sensitivity, linearity, and specificity. This reaction is initiated by the nitrosation reaction of indole at its C-3 position via reagents like sodium nitrite or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine under aerobic conditions. The generated 3-nitrosoindole undergoes tautomerization, dimerization, and deoximation to form indoxyl red with high absorbance at 537 nm. In contrast to other indole sensors, the presented method can be applied in real catheters to detect indole and E. coli in biofluids such as urine. The is because (1) S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine, the nitrosating agent, can be impregnated into silicone elastomers, (2) indole from urine is extracted into silicone due to its hydrophobicity, and (3) the high acidity and oxygen solubility of silicone facilitates the sensing reaction within the silicone matrix. This silicone-based colorimetric sensor clearly differentiates E. coli below and above 105 CFU/mL, which is the threshold concentration of bacteriuria. We expect that early diagnosis of urinary tract infections using the naked eye is possible by functionalizing an exposed section of urinary catheters with the proposed molecular probe.

中文翻译:

用于比色传感吲哚和大肠杆菌的 S-亚硝基硫醇浸渍硅胶导管:对尿路感染的身体检测

虽然检测病原菌的技术有很多,但大多只适用于体外诊断。我们报告了一种基于导尿管的比色传感器,可用于检测大肠杆菌,这是与使用导尿管相关的尿路感染中最常见的细菌种类。在尿液中,吲哚由大肠杆菌分泌,并与硅导管中的亚硝化剂发生反应。在硅橡胶中生成红色二聚产物吲哚酚红,以实现具有高灵敏度、线性和特异性的基于颜色的吲哚传感。该反应由吲哚在其 C-3 位通过亚硝酸钠或S-亚硝基-等试剂的亚硝化反应引发。N-乙酰青霉胺在有氧条件下。生成的3-亚硝基吲哚经过互变异构、二聚化和脱肟化形成在537 nm处具有高吸光度的吲哚酚红。与其他吲哚传感器相比,所提出的方法可应用于真实导管,以检测尿液等生物流体中的吲哚和大肠杆菌。这是因为(1)亚硝基化剂S-硝基-N-乙酰青霉胺可以浸渍到有机硅弹性体中,(2)尿中的吲哚由于其疏水性而被提取到有机硅中,以及(3)高酸度和有机硅的氧溶解度促进了有机硅基质内的传感反应。这种基于有机硅的比色传感器可以清楚地区分大肠杆菌低于和高于10 5 CFU/mL,这是菌尿的阈值浓度。我们期望通过使用提议的分子探针功能化导尿管的暴露部分,可以使用肉眼对尿路感染进行早期诊断。
更新日期:2022-05-23
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