Emerging studies indicate that the Hippo pathway, a highly conserved pathway that regulates organ size control, plays an important role in governing ovarian physiology, fertility, and pathology. Specific to the ovary, the spatiotemporal expression of the major components of the Hippo signaling cascade are observed throughout the reproductive lifespan. Observations from multiple species begin to elucidate the functional diversity and molecular mechanisms of Hippo signaling in the ovary in addition to the identification of interactions with other signaling pathways and responses to various external stimuli. Hippo pathway components play important roles in follicle growth and activation, as well as steroidogenesis, by regulating several key biological processes through mechanisms of cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cell fate determination. Given the importance of these processes, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway contributes to loss of follicular homeostasis and reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian insufficiency, and ovarian cancers. This review highlights what is currently known about the Hippo pathway core components in ovarian physiology, including ovarian development, follicle development, and oocyte maturation, while identifying areas for future research to better understand Hippo signaling as a multifunctional pathway in reproductive health and biology.

中文翻译：

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卵巢中的 Hippo 信号：在发育、生育和疾病中的新兴作用。

新兴研究表明，Hippo 通路是一种高度保守的调节器官大小控制的通路，在控制卵巢生理学、生育力和病理学方面发挥着重要作用。特定于卵巢，在整个生殖寿命期间观察到 Hippo 信号级联的主要成分的时空表达。来自多个物种的观察开始阐明卵巢中 Hippo 信号的功能多样性和分子机制，此外还确定了与其他信号通路的相互作用以及对各种外部刺激的反应。Hippo 通路成分在卵泡生长和激活以及类固醇生成中发挥重要作用，通过细胞增殖、迁移、分化等机制调节几个关键的生物过程，和细胞命运决定。鉴于这些过程的重要性，Hippo 通路失调会导致卵泡稳态丧失和生殖障碍，例如多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS)、卵巢功能不全和卵巢癌。这篇综述重点介绍了目前已知的卵巢生理学中 Hippo 通路的核心组成部分，包括卵巢发育、卵泡发育和卵母细胞成熟，同时确定了未来研究的领域，以更好地理解 Hippo 信号通路作为生殖健康和生物学中的多功能通路。