Achievement motivation is a well-documented predictor of a variety of positive student outcomes. However, given observed group differences in motivation and related outcomes, motivation instruments should be checked for comparable item and scale functioning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate measurement scale comparability and differential item functioning (DIF) in PISA 2015 achievement motivation items across gender and ethnicity using pairwise and multiple-group comparisons. In addition, DIF was investigated in relation to a common base group that reflected the sample average. Results indicated DIF between gender groups and between the base group and female students. For ethnicity, DIF was consistently flagged in pairwise comparisons with Black/African American students and Asian students as well as in base group comparisons. However, the identified DIF had little practical implications. Implications from these findings are discussed, and recommendations for future research are made.

中文翻译：

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成就动机项目的公平性和可比性：差异项目功能分析

成就动机是有据可查的各种积极学生成果的预测指标。然而，鉴于观察到的动机和相关结果的群体差异，应检查动机工具的可比项目和量表功能。因此，本研究的目的是使用成对和多组比较来评估 PISA 2015 成就动机项目中跨性别和种族的测量量表可比性和差异项目功能 (DIF)。此外，对反映样本平均值的公共基组进行了 DIF 研究。结果表明性别组之间以及基础组和女学生之间的DIF。对于种族，DIF 在与黑人/非裔美国学生和亚裔学生的成对比较以及基组比较中一直被标记。然而，确定的 DIF 几乎没有实际意义。讨论了这些发现的影响，并对未来的研究提出了建议。