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Pericyte Control of Blood Flow in Intraocular Islet Grafts Impacts Glucose Homeostasis in Mice
Diabetes ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 , DOI: 10.2337/db21-1104
Alejandro Tamayo 1 , Luciana Mateus Gonçalves 1 , Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz 1 , Elizabeth Pereira 1, 2 , Melissa Canales 1 , Alejandro Caicedo 1, 3 , Joana Almaça 1
Affiliation  

The pancreatic islet depends on blood supply to efficiently sense plasma glucose levels and deliver insulin and glucagon into the circulation. Long thought to be passive conduits of nutrients and hormones, islet capillaries were recently found to be densely covered with contractile pericytes with the capacity to locally control blood flow. Here we determined the contribution of pericyte regulation of islet blood flow to plasma insulin and glucagon levels and glycemia. Selective optogenetic activation of pericytes in intraocular islet grafts contracted capillaries and diminished blood flow. In awake mice, acute light-induced stimulation of islet pericytes decreased insulin and increased glucagon plasma levels, producing hyperglycemic effects. Interestingly, pericytes are the targets of sympathetic nerves in the islet, suggesting that sympathetic control of hormone secretion may occur in part by modulating pericyte activity and blood flow. Indeed, in vivo activation of pericytes with the sympathetic agonist phenylephrine decreased blood flow in mouse islet grafts, lowered plasma insulin levels and increased glycemia. We further show that islet pericytes and blood vessels in living human pancreas slices responded to sympathetic input. Our findings indicate that pericytes mediate vascular responses in the islet that are required for adequate hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis. Vascular and neuronal alterations that are commonly seen in the islets of people with diabetes may impair regulation of islet blood flow and thus precipitate islet dysfunction.

中文翻译:

眼内胰岛移植物中血流的周细胞控制影响小鼠的葡萄糖稳态

胰岛依靠血液供应来有效地感知血浆葡萄糖水平并将胰岛素和胰高血糖素输送到循环中。长期以来被认为是营养和激素的被动管道,最近发现胰岛毛细血管被收缩的周细胞密集覆盖,具有局部控制血流的能力。在这里,我们确定了胰岛血流的周细胞调节对血浆胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平和血糖的贡献。眼内胰岛移植物中周细胞的选择性光遗传学激活收缩毛细血管并减少血流。在清醒的小鼠中,急性光诱导的胰岛周细胞刺激会降低胰岛素并增加胰高血糖素血浆水平,从而产生高血糖效应。有趣的是,周细胞是胰岛中交感神经的目标,这表明交感神经对激素分泌的控制可能部分是通过调节周细胞活动和血流来实现的。事实上,交感神经激动剂去氧肾上腺素在体内激活周细胞减少了小鼠胰岛移植物的血流量,降低了血浆胰岛素水平并增加了血糖。我们进一步表明,活人胰腺切片中的胰岛周细胞和血管对交感神经输入有反应。我们的研究结果表明,周细胞介导胰岛中的血管反应,这是足够的激素分泌和葡萄糖稳态所必需的。糖尿病患者胰岛中常见的血管和神经元改变可能会损害胰岛血流的调节,从而导致胰岛功能障碍。用交感神经激动剂去氧肾上腺素在体内激活周细胞可减少小鼠胰岛移植物中的血流量,降低血浆胰岛素水平并增加血糖。我们进一步表明,活人胰腺切片中的胰岛周细胞和血管对交感神经输入有反应。我们的研究结果表明,周细胞介导胰岛中的血管反应,这是足够的激素分泌和葡萄糖稳态所必需的。糖尿病患者胰岛中常见的血管和神经元改变可能会损害胰岛血流的调节,从而导致胰岛功能障碍。用交感神经激动剂去氧肾上腺素在体内激活周细胞可减少小鼠胰岛移植物中的血流量,降低血浆胰岛素水平并增加血糖。我们进一步表明,活人胰腺切片中的胰岛周细胞和血管对交感神经输入有反应。我们的研究结果表明,周细胞介导胰岛中的血管反应,这是足够的激素分泌和葡萄糖稳态所必需的。糖尿病患者胰岛中常见的血管和神经元改变可能会损害胰岛血流的调节,从而导致胰岛功能障碍。我们进一步表明,活人胰腺切片中的胰岛周细胞和血管对交感神经输入有反应。我们的研究结果表明,周细胞介导胰岛中的血管反应,这是足够的激素分泌和葡萄糖稳态所必需的。糖尿病患者胰岛中常见的血管和神经元改变可能会损害胰岛血流的调节,从而导致胰岛功能障碍。我们进一步表明,活人胰腺切片中的胰岛周细胞和血管对交感神经输入有反应。我们的研究结果表明,周细胞介导胰岛中的血管反应,这是足够的激素分泌和葡萄糖稳态所必需的。糖尿病患者胰岛中常见的血管和神经元改变可能会损害胰岛血流的调节,从而导致胰岛功能障碍。
更新日期:2022-05-19
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