The visual impacts of landscape change are important for how people perceive landscapes and whether they consider changes to be positive or negative. Landscape photographs and photographs of landscape elements may capture information about the visual qualities of landscapes and can also be used to illustrate, and even to quantify, how these visual qualities change over time. We developed a methodology for a monitoring scheme, based on taking photographs from exactly the same locations at different points in time. We tested two methods: one where fieldworkers chose freely the location and direction of photographs, and one where photo locations and four out of five directions were predefined. We found that the method using predefined locations provided a representative sample of the visual qualities present in the landscape and was relatively person-independent but missed rare landscape components. The method using free selection of photo locations and directions captured rarities, but the content of the photos varied from photographer to photographer. Considering the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches, we recommend a method that combines aspects of both when establishing a monitoring scheme based on repeat photography, with predefined locations to ensure that the entire area is covered, and additional freely chosen photo locations to capture special subject matter that would otherwise be missed.

景观变化的视觉影响对于人们如何看待景观以及他们认为变化是积极的还是消极的很重要。风景照片和风景元素的照片可以捕捉关于风景视觉质量的信息，也可以用来说明，甚至量化这些视觉质量如何随时间变化。我们开发了一种监测方案的方法，基于在不同时间点从完全相同的位置拍摄照片。我们测试了两种方法：一种是现场工作人员自由选择照片的位置和方向，另一种是预先定义照片位置和五个方向中的四个。我们发现，使用预定义位置的方法提供了景观中存在的视觉质量的代表性样本，并且相对独立于人，但错过了稀有的景观成分。使用自由选择照片位置和方向的方法拍摄的照片很少见，但照片的内容因摄影师而异。考虑到这两种方法的优缺点，我们建议在建立基于重复摄影的监测方案时结合两者的方法，使用预定义的位置以确保覆盖整个区域，以及额外的自由选择的照片位置以捕捉特殊的否则会错过的主题。使用自由选择照片位置和方向的方法拍摄的照片很少见，但照片的内容因摄影师而异。考虑到这两种方法的优缺点，我们建议在建立基于重复摄影的监测方案时结合两者的方法，使用预定义的位置以确保覆盖整个区域，以及额外的自由选择的照片位置以捕捉特殊的否则会错过的主题。使用自由选择照片位置和方向的方法拍摄的照片很少见，但照片的内容因摄影师而异。考虑到这两种方法的优缺点，我们建议在建立基于重复摄影的监测方案时结合两者的方法，使用预定义的位置以确保覆盖整个区域，以及额外的自由选择的照片位置以捕捉特殊的否则会错过的主题。