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Recommendations to enhance breeding bird diversity in managed plantation forests determined using LiDAR
Ecological Applications ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.2678
Eleanor R Tew 1, 2 , Greg J Conway 3 , Ian G Henderson 3 , David T Milodowski 4, 5 , Tom Swinfield 6 , William J Sutherland 1, 7
Affiliation  

Widespread afforestation is a crucial component of climate mitigation strategies worldwide. This presents a significant opportunity for biodiversity conservation if forests are appropriately managed. Within forests, structural and habitat diversity are known to be critical for biodiversity but pragmatic management recommendations are lacking. We make a comprehensive assessment of the effects of habitat variables on bird populations using data from over 4000 ha of forested landscape. We combine high-resolution remote sensing data with comprehensive management databases to classify habitat attributes and measure the response of six taxonomic and functional diversity metrics: species richness, Shannon diversity, functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, and functional dispersion. We use a novel approach that combines hierarchical partitioning analysis with linear models to determine the relative importance of different habitat variables for each bird diversity metric. The age class of forest stands was consistently the most important variable across all bird diversity metrics, outperforming other structural measures such as horizontal and vertical heterogeneity and canopy density. Shrub density and gap fraction were each significantly associated with one bird diversity metric. In contrast, variables describing within-stand structural heterogeneity (vertical and horizontal) were generally less important while tree species identity (e.g., conifer or broadleaved) was not significant for any bird diversity metric. Each of the six bird diversity metrics had different patterns of independent variable importance and significance, emphasizing the need to consider multiple diversity metrics in biodiversity assessments. Similarly, the optimal resolution for remote sensing metrics varied between structural variables and bird diversity metrics, suggesting that the use of remote sensing data in biodiversity studies could be greatly improved by first exploring different resolutions and data aggregations. Based on the results from this comprehensive study, we recommend that managers focus on creating habitat diversity at the between-, rather than exclusively within-stand scale, such as by creating a matrix of different age classes, to maximize bird diversity. This recommendation for forest managers is powerful yet pragmatic in its simplicity.

中文翻译:

使用 LiDAR 确定的在人工林中提高繁殖鸟类多样性的建议

广泛植树造林是全球气候减缓战略的重要组成部分。如果森林得到适当管理,这将为生物多样性保护提供重要机会。在森林中,众所周知,结构和栖息地多样性对生物多样性至关重要,但缺乏务实的管理建议。我们使用来自 4000 多公顷森林景观的数据,对栖息地变量对鸟类种群的影响进行了全面评估。我们将高分辨率遥感数据与综合管理数据库相结合,对栖息地属性进行分类,并衡量六个分类学和功能多样性指标的响应:物种丰富度、香农多样性、功能丰富度、功能均匀度、功能分歧和功能分散度。我们使用一种将层次划分分析与线性模型相结合的新方法来确定不同栖息地变量对每个鸟类多样性指标的相对重要性。林分的年龄等级一直是所有鸟类多样性指标中最重要的变量,优于其他结构指标,如水平和垂直异质性和冠层密度。灌木密度和间隙分数分别与一种鸟类多样性指标显着相关。相比之下,描述林分内结构异质性(垂直和水平)的变量通常不太重要,而树种特性(例如,针叶树或阔叶树)对于任何鸟类多样性指标都不重要。六个鸟类多样性指标中的每一个都有不同的自变量重要性和重要性模式,强调需要在生物多样性评估中考虑多种多样性指标。同样,遥感指标的最佳分辨率因结构变量和鸟类多样性指标而异,这表明通过首先探索不同的分辨率和数据聚合,可以大大改进遥感数据在生物多样性研究中的使用。根据这项综合研究的结果,我们建议管理者专注于在林分之间创造栖息地多样性,而不是仅仅在林分范围内创造栖息地多样性,例如通过创建不同年龄段的矩阵,以最大限度地提高鸟类多样性。这条针对森林管理者的建议既简单又实用。遥感指标的最佳分辨率因结构变量和鸟类多样性指标而异,这表明通过首先探索不同的分辨率和数据聚合,可以大大改进遥感数据在生物多样性研究中的使用。根据这项综合研究的结果,我们建议管理者专注于在林分之间创造栖息地多样性,而不是仅仅在林分范围内创造栖息地多样性,例如通过创建不同年龄段的矩阵,以最大限度地提高鸟类多样性。这条针对森林管理者的建议既简单又实用。遥感指标的最佳分辨率因结构变量和鸟类多样性指标而异,这表明通过首先探索不同的分辨率和数据聚合,可以大大改进遥感数据在生物多样性研究中的使用。根据这项综合研究的结果,我们建议管理者专注于在林分之间创造栖息地多样性,而不是仅仅在林分范围内创造栖息地多样性,例如通过创建不同年龄段的矩阵,以最大限度地提高鸟类多样性。这条针对森林管理者的建议既简单又实用。根据这项综合研究的结果,我们建议管理者专注于在林分之间创造栖息地多样性,而不是仅仅在林分范围内创造栖息地多样性,例如通过创建不同年龄段的矩阵,以最大限度地提高鸟类多样性。这条针对森林管理者的建议既简单又实用。根据这项综合研究的结果,我们建议管理者专注于在林分之间创造栖息地多样性,而不是仅仅在林分范围内创造栖息地多样性,例如通过创建不同年龄段的矩阵,以最大限度地提高鸟类多样性。这条针对森林管理者的建议既简单又实用。
更新日期:2022-05-19
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