ABSTRACT

Background

Distress tolerance (DT) has been conceptualized as a vulnerability factor for several psychopathologies. A five factor model of DT has been suggested, but its associations with anxiety and anxiety sensitivity have yet to be explored.

Objectives

This study aimed to further validate the five-factor model of DT, identify the associations between its factors and elevated anxiety, and assess if anxiety sensitivity mediates the association between DT and anxiety.

Design and methods

This observational study included 330 students and university workers (women = 82.7%; mean age = 27.7 years, SD = 9.4). They completed online questionnaires assessing DT, anxiety sensitivity and anxiety levels.

Results

The five-factor model was a good fit to the data (RMSEA = .04). Two factors, and the sex of the participants, contributed to the variance in anxiety (r2 = .418, p < .001). Tolerance of negative emotion was directly (β = −1.98, 95% CI = [−2.53, −1.42]) and indirectly (β = −1.10, 95% CI = [−1.55, -.78]) associated with lower anxiety through anxiety sensitivity. Tolerance of uncertainty was also directly (β = -.08, 95% CI = [-.10, -.06]) and indirectly (β = -.04, 95% CI = [-.05, -.02]) associated with lower anxiety through anxiety sensitivity.

Conclusions

Tolerance of negative emotion and uncertainty were associated with anxiety independently of the other factors of DT. These associations seem partially explained by the effect of anxiety sensitivity.

中文翻译：

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痛苦耐受力、焦虑和焦虑敏感性五因素模型的关系研究

摘要

背景

压力耐受性 (DT) 已被概念化为多种精神病理学的脆弱因素。已经提出了 DT 的五因素模型，但它与焦虑和焦虑敏感性的关联还有待探索。

目标

本研究旨在进一步验证 DT 的五因素模型，确定其因素与焦虑升高之间的关联，并评估焦虑敏感性是否介导 DT 与焦虑之间的关联。

设计与方法

这项观察性研究包括 330 名学生和大学工作人员（女性 = 82.7%；平均年龄 = 27.7 岁，SD = 9.4）。他们完成了评估 DT、焦虑敏感性和焦虑水平的在线问卷。

结果

五因素模型非常适合数据 (RMSEA = .04)。两个因素，以及参与者的性别，导致了焦虑的差异 (r2 = .418, p < .001)。负面情绪的容忍度直接 (β = −1.98, 95% CI = [−2.53, −1.42]) 和间接 (β = −1.10, 95% CI = [−1.55, -.78]) 与较低的焦虑相关焦虑敏感性。对不确定性的容忍也是直接的 (β = -.08, 95% CI = [-.10, -.06]) 和间接的 (β = -.04, 95% CI = [-.05, -.02])通过焦虑敏感性降低焦虑。

结论

消极情绪的容忍度和不确定性与焦虑相关，与 DT 的其他因素无关。这些关联似乎部分可以用焦虑敏感性的影响来解释。