Society celebrates failure as a teachable moment. But do people actually learn from failure? Although lay wisdom suggests people should, a review of the research suggests that this is hard. We present a unifying framework that points to emotional and cognitive barriers that make learning from failure difficult. Emotions undermine learning because people find failure ego-threatening. People tend to look away from failure and not pay attention to it to protect their egos. Cognitively, people also struggle because the information in failure is less direct than the information in success and thus harder to extract. Beyond identifying barriers, this framework suggests inroads by which barriers might be addressed. Finally, we explore implications. We outline what, exactly, people miss out on when they overlook the information in failure. We find that the information in failure is often high-quality information that can be used to predict success.

中文翻译：

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你认为失败很难吗？从中学习也是如此

社会将失败视为可教的时刻。但是人们真的从失败中吸取教训吗？尽管外行人认为人们应该这样做，但对研究的回顾表明这很难。我们提出了一个统一的框架，指出了使从失败中学习变得困难的情感和认知障碍。情绪会破坏学习，因为人们发现失败会威胁到自我。人们倾向于将目光从失败上移开，而不是关注它以保护他们的自我。在认知上，人们也很挣扎，因为失败的信息不如成功的信息直接，因此更难提取。除了识别障碍外，该框架还提出了解决障碍的方法。最后，我们探讨了影响。我们概述了人们在忽视失败信息时究竟错过了什么。