Basalt fibre composite materials have shown good application prospects in electrical equipment, but their reliability can be affected by damp-heat ageing. In this work, the interface, mechanical, and electrical properties of basalt fibre composites treated with three coupling agents via damp-heat ageing were compared. Molecular simulations were conducted to reveal the damp-heat ageing mechanism of the composites. The results show that γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (KH-550) and γ-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane (KH-560) perform better as coupling agents as they form bonds with the matrix resin, compared with γ-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane (KH-570). After the damp-heat ageing treatment, the hydrolysis of the defects of the amino groups in the interface of the KH-550-treated sample can weaken its mechanical properties and insulation properties greatly. The interface layer of the KH-560-treated sample is mostly composed of carbon–oxygen single bonds and methylene groups with its interface structure more stable, which endows the sample with better stability of its mechanical and insulating properties. Therefore, KH-560 is a more suitable coupling agent for processing basalt fibres to be used in electrical equipment.

中文翻译：

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硅烷偶联剂对玄武岩纤维增强复合材料耐湿热性能的影响

玄武岩纤维复合材料在电气设备中显示出良好的应用前景，但其可靠性会受到湿热老化的影响。在这项工作中，通过湿热老化比较了三种偶联剂处理的玄武岩纤维复合材料的界面、机械和电学性能。进行了分子模拟以揭示复合材料的湿热老化机理。结果表明，与γ相比， γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH-550）和γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH-560）与基体树脂成键时作为偶联剂的性能更好-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷 (KH-570)。经湿热老化处理后，KH-550处理后试样界面氨基缺陷的水解会大大削弱其力学性能和绝缘性能。KH-560处理后的样品界面层主要由碳氧单键和亚甲基组成，界面结构更加稳定，使样品的力学性能和绝缘性能具有更好的稳定性。因此，KH-560是一种更适合加工用于电气设备的玄武岩纤维的偶联剂。