In this paper, we show for the first time the polarization-sensitive super-resolution phononic reconstruction of multiple nanostructures in a liquid environment by overcoming the diffraction limit of the optical system (1 μm). By using time-resolved pump–probe spectroscopy, we measure the acoustic signature of nanospheres and nanorods at different polarizations. This enables the size, position, and orientation characterization of multiple nanoparticles in a single point spread function with the precision of 5 nm, 3 nm, and 1.4°, respectively. Unlike electron microscopy where a high vacuum environment is needed for imaging, this technique performs measurements in liquids at ambient pressure, ideal to study the insights of living specimens. This is a potential path toward super-resolution phononic imaging where the acoustic signatures of multiple nanostructures could act as an alternative to fluorescent labels. In this context, phonons also offer the opportunity to extract information about the mechanical properties of the surrounding medium as well as access to subsurface features.

中文翻译：

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纳米结构的偏振敏感超分辨率声子重建

在本文中，我们首次展示了通过克服光学系统的衍射极限（1μm）在液体环境中对多个纳米结构进行偏振敏感的超分辨率声子重建。通过使用时间分辨泵探针光谱，我们测量了纳米球和纳米棒在不同偏振下的声学特征。这使得多个纳米粒子的尺寸、位置和方向表征能够在单点扩散函数中分别具有 5 nm、3 nm 和 1.4° 的精度。与需要高真空环境进行成像的电子显微镜不同，该技术在环境压力下在液体中进行测量，非常适合研究活体标本的洞察力。这是通向超分辨率声子成像的潜在途径，其中多个纳米结构的声学特征可以作为荧光标记的替代品。在这种情况下，声子还提供了提取有关周围介质机械特性的信息以及获取地下特征的机会。