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Intention to Respond in a Special Way Protects against Forgetting Associations Even When Working Memory Is Occupied
American Journal of Psychology ( IF 1.059 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.133.4.0415
Alice F. Healy 1 , Vivian I. Schneider 1 , Carolyn J. Buck-Gengler 1 , James A. Kole 2 , Immanuel Barshi 3
Affiliation  

Abstract In 2 experiments, subjects engaged in 6 or 7 124-trial blocks of a continuous memory-updating paradigm with study and test trials intermixed. They studied name–location associations and were tested for the location most recently associated with a given name. On study trials, all responses were to be made on a right-hand map. On default test trials, responses were also to be made on the right-hand map, but on special test trials, designated as such during study (by showing the associations in green), responses were to be made on a left-hand map. Both default and special test trials occurred after short (2-back) and long (8-back) retention intervals. In the penultimate (Experiment 1) or last (Experiment 2) block, trials occurred under conditions in which working memory was occupied with a concurrent secondary counting backwards task. Memory for the name–location associations was better with short than with long retention intervals and was better when special (rather than default) responses were to be made, especially at the long retention interval, even with counting backwards. Thus, the intention to respond in a special way protects against forgetting associations, and this protection is not simply due to holding the information from the special trials in working memory.

中文翻译:

即使工作记忆被占用,以特殊方式回应的意图也能防止忘记联想

摘要 在 2 个实验中,受试者参与了 6 或 7 124 个连续记忆更新范式的试验块,研究和测试试验混合在一起。他们研究了名称-位置关联,并针对最近与给定名称关联的位置进行了测试。在研究试验中,所有反应都应在右手地图上进行。在默认测试试验中,也应在右侧地图上做出响应,但在研究期间指定的特殊测试试验中(通过以绿色显示关联),将在左侧地图上做出响应。默认和特殊测试试验都发生在短(2-back)和长(8-back)保留间隔之后。在倒数第二个(实验 1)或最后一个(实验 2)块中,试验发生在工作记忆被并发的二次倒数任务占用的条件下。名称-位置关联的记忆在较短的保留间隔比较长的保留间隔时更好,并且在做出特殊(而不是默认)响应时更好,特别是在长保留间隔时,即使倒数也是如此。因此,以特殊方式回应的意图可以防止忘记联想,而这种保护不仅仅是因为将来自特殊试验的信息保存在工作记忆中。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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