Silvopasture systems (SPSs) provide an opportunities for efficient use of lands, apportioning risk under adverse climate and giving higher returns than other systems. SPSs improve biomass production; however, yield sustainability, nutrient cycling capability and carbon capture capacity of SPSs have remained unexplored in semiarid India. For these, 10-year old SPS of Ficus infectoria, Morus alba, Acacia nilotica, and Madhuca latifolia comprising of three perennial grasses namely, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon fulvus, Panicum maximum, and two perennial legumes namely, Clitoria ternatea and Stylosanthes seabrana in each system were evaluated. Among grasses, Panicum maximum had significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean yield than Chrysopogon fulvus and Cenchrus ciliaris (44% and 153%, respectively). Significantly, Stylosanthes seabrana had 2-times higher mean productivity than Clitoria ternatea. Among the trees, fodder availability from F. infectoria was ~8.65- and 1.07-times greater than M. latifolia and M. alba, respectively and similar to A. nilotica. Total tree carbon stock of A. nilotica was ~1.52-, 5.88-, and 2.16-times greater than F. infectoria, M. latifolia, and M. alba, respectively. Environmental benefits in terms of soil nutrient status and carbon sequestration were significantly greater under A. nilotica based SPS than others. A. nilotica and M. alba based SPSs had a discounted benefit–cost ratio ~2.2 and internal rate of return >12%. Overall, A. nilotica and M. alba based SPSs could augment yield sustainability, economic profitability and environmental benefit over other SPSs in semiarid India. Hence, they can be recommended as nature based solutions to restore degraded lands in semi-arid India.

中文翻译：

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用于恢复印度半干旱地区退化土地的林草系统

Silvopasture 系统 (SPS) 为有效利用土地、在不利气候下分摊风险并提供比其他系统更高的回报提供了机会。SPS 提高生物质产量；然而，在半干旱的印度，SPS 的产量可持续性、养分循环能力和碳捕获能力仍未得到探索。对于这些植物，10 年生的 SPS无花果、桑椹、尼罗金合欢和宽叶马杜卡，包括三种多年生草，即Cenchrus ciliaris、Chrysopogon fulvus、Panicum maximum和两种多年生豆科植物，即Clitoria ternatea 和 Stylosanthes seabrana在每个系统中进行了评估。在草类中，Panicum maximum 的平均产量显着高于Chrysopogon fulvus和Cenchrus ciliaris（分别为 44% 和 153% ） （p < 0.05）。值得注意的是，Stylosanthes seabrana的平均生产力是Clitoria ternatea的 2 倍。在这些树木中，F. infectoria 的饲料利用率分别是M. latifolia和M. alba的 8.65 倍和 1.07 倍，与A. nilotica相似。A. nilotica的总树木碳储量是F. infectoria 的约 1.52 倍、5.88 倍和 2.16 倍，M. latifolia和M. alba，分别。在基于尼罗罗非鱼的 SPS下，土壤养分状况和碳固存方面的环境效益显着大于其他 SPS。基于A. nilotica和M. alba的 SPS 的折现收益成本比约为 2.2，内部收益率 > 12%。总体而言，与印度半干旱地区的其他 SPS 相比，基于A. nilotica和M. alba的 SPS 可以提高产量可持续性、经济盈利能力和环境效益。因此，它们可以被推荐为基于自然的解决方案，以恢复印度半干旱地区的退化土地。