Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, enabling the measurement of raw bile directly without sample pretreatment, were cooperatively combined to enhance the discrimination of gallbladder cancer (GBC) from other diseases of gallstone and gallbladder (GB) polyp. Since elemental contents and metabolite compositions of bile vary according to the pathological conditions of pancreaticobiliary patients, the use of complementary information could be synergetic to improve disease identification accuracy. The ratios of Mg and Na peak areas (A_Mg/A_Na) and Na and K peak areas (A_Na/A_K) in the LIBS spectra of GBC samples were different from those of the remaining samples. Also, the intensity ratios of main NIR peaks differed in GBC. Nonetheless, the use of only element peak area ratio or NIR peak intensity ratio was not sufficient to clearly discriminate GBC. On the other hand, when the A_Na/A_K values and second NIR principal component scores were combined, the discrimination of GBC from normal/gallstone/GB polyp was substantially enhanced owing to incorporation of both complementary GBC-discriminant spectroscopic signatures.

中文翻译：

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结合基于 LIBS 的元素分析和胆汁的近红外分子指纹图谱来增强胆囊癌的识别

激光诱导击穿光谱 (LIBS) 和近红外 (NIR) 光谱协同结合，无需样品预处理即可直接测量生胆汁，增强胆囊癌 (GBC) 与其他胆结石和胆囊疾病 (GB) 的鉴别能力) 息肉。由于胆汁的元素含量和代谢物组成因胰胆管患者的病理状况而异，因此使用补充信息可以协同提高疾病识别的准确性。Mg 和 Na 峰面积比 ( A _Mg / A _Na ) 与 Na 和 K 峰面积比 ( A _Na / A _K) 在 GBC 样品的 LIBS 光谱中与其余样品的不同。此外，GBC 中主要 NIR 峰的强度比也不同。尽管如此，仅使用元素峰面积比或 NIR 峰强度比不足以清楚地区分 GBC。另一方面，当A _Na / A _K值和第二 NIR 主成分得分结合时，由于结合了互补的 GBC 判别光谱特征，GBC 与正常/胆结石/GB 息肉的区分显着增强。